Difference between revisions of "Commit to a meaningful participation process"

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Examples from real world governance interventions:  
<embedvideo service="youtube" alignment="right" dimensions="480">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9gdMhQ52XA</embedvideo>


*[[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg]]
[[File:4 Commit To A Meaningful Participation.jpg.jpeg|600x600x|thumb|Commit to a Meaningful Participation Process]]
*[[Dealing flexibly with and learning from resistance in Barcelona]]
*[[Inner-city community energy in London]]
*[[Community led affordable housing in Brussels]]
*[[Regeneration of a deprived neighborhood in Rotterdam]]
*[[Citizens share in Berlin Energy Grid for sustainable energy]]


== General ambition ==
== General ambition ==


Meaningful participation means that citizens’ inputs are seriously considered in inclusive design and governance processes, that they visibly shape initiatives’ outcomes, and thus can influence the status quo in urban sustainability and justice. Such a process is also cognisant of who is invited and capable of participating, since otherwise it runs the risk of becoming a further driver of injustice. Committing to a meaningful participation process is important for both municipality-led and community-led initiatives.  
Meaningful participation means that citizens’ inputs are seriously considered in inclusive design and governance processes, that they visibly shape initiatives’ outcomes, and thus can influence the status quo in urban sustainability and justice. Such a process is also cognisant of who is invited and capable of participating, since otherwise it runs the risk of becoming a further driver of injustice. Committing to a meaningful participation process is important for both municipality-led and community-led initiatives. Depending on the topic, meaningful participation might mean something different. For mostly technical topics (e.g the building of a Storm-water system), the goal of a meaningful participation process could  be to create a dialogue with residents to give the possibility for expressing potential doubts and misconceptions. This might then offer the opportunity and resources for residents tobe made co-responsible for other aspects of the project.  Participation processes have to be aware that engagement might decline over time if no physical outcomes of the participation can be seen in the area. Additionally, institutions have to commit long-term to the process in order to build up trust and give residents the belief that their own time and energy investment is not wasted but is part of a long-term vision to change the area positively.


#'''On the side of municipalities''': Municipal actors need to acknowledge and embrace the value of citizen participation in project development and trust civil-society in visioning and implementing projects. This entails a clear definition of roles and responsibilities and could even mean seeing each other as equally legitimate to engage in the project as partners (e.g. between municipal actors and citizens).   
#'''On the side of municipalities''': Municipal actors need to acknowledge and embrace the value of citizen participation in project development and trust civil-society in visioning and implementing projects. This type of collaborative governance entails a clear definition of roles and responsibilities and could even mean seeing each other as equally legitimate to engage in the project as partners (e.g. between municipal actors and citizens).   
#'''On the side of civil society''': Committing to a meaningful participation process in bottom-up initiatives can also entail a thoughtful mix of deliberative and practical approaches to citizen participation. Public participation in the form of volunteering can be crucial for the initiative’s operation and legitimacy.
#'''On the side of civil society''': Committing to a meaningful participation process in bottom-up initiatives can also entail a thoughtful mix of deliberative and practical approaches to citizen participation. Practical, ‘hands on’ participation opportunities can help make projects more inclusive as they allow for people from diverse backgrounds to contribute. Public participation in the form of volunteering can be crucial for the initiative’s operation and legitimacy.


== Examples ==
== Examples ==
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''' ''Vauban neighborhood'', Freiburg '''
''' ''Vauban neighborhood'', Freiburg '''


The citizen-led Vauban Forum was invited to participate in the “Vauban city planning council” (a consultative committee within the city council) which indicates that the municipality recognizes citizens as legitimate partners in the project development (Q.15 & 22).   
The citizen-led Vauban Forum was invited to participate in the “Vauban city planning council” (a consultative committee within the city council) which indicates that the municipality recognizes citizens as legitimate partners in the project development [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg#15. How are responsibilities and/or decision-making power distributed among actors?|(Q15 & Q22)]].   


Learn more about this intervention:
Learn more about this intervention:
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* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Collaborating Across Institutional Boundaries: Co-Creating Sustainable Neighborhoods]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Collaborating Across Institutional Boundaries: Co-Creating Sustainable Neighborhoods]]


''' ''Superblocks'', Barcelona'''
''' ''Holistic neighbourhood development'', Augustenborg'''


While establishing Superblocks, the municipality of Barcelona developed a standard procedure for participation in each block. Over the course of the project, this procedure became increasingly open putting responsibilities and decisions into the hand of formalised local working groups consisting of diverse local stakeholders  (e.g. local businesses and residents) (Q14).
In Augustenborg, all physical changes were discussed in advance with residents, giving them the possibility to express their suggestions and observations, thereby having the possibility to adjust and modify the plan. All actions were agreed on together with residents. Some aspects of the project were co-designed by residents, as they were considered as experts and bearers of specific and territorially grounded knowledge. In total, approximately, approximately 20% of the residents participated in the project. Several of their ideas were implemented into the neighbourhood, such as developing the open storm water system in a more natural process that enhances the area’s urban biodiversity [[Holistic neighbourhood development Augustenborg#14. To what extent, in what form and at what stages have citizens participated in the shaping of the intervention?|(Q14)]].
Key here was to strike a good balance between short-term change of the area (where residents see fast changes as a result of their own participation) and long-term commitment of institutions (so residents see a bigger vision behind the project and feel like their time and energy will contribute to something greater) [[Holistic neighbourhood development Augustenborg#23. What obstacles to implementing the intervention (both generally, and in this particular context) have been identified, relating to:|(Q23)]].


Learn more about this intervention:
Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Dealing flexibly with and learning from resistance in Barcelona]]
* Take a look at the detailed [[Holistic neighbourhood development Augustenborg]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Inviting citizens to a transformation of street space - flexibly dealing with resistance]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Overcoming Silos in Urban Regeneration Projects: Holistic Neighbourhood Design]]


''2. On the side of civil society''
''2. On the side of civil society''
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''' ''Repowering'', London'''
''' ''Repowering'', London'''


Consultation with local residents informed the initiative’s problem definition (deliberative approach), and hands-on involvement (practical approach) in the creation of solar panels and internships led to increased interest and participation (Q.24).  
Citizens have been the founders and drivers of the intervention from the very beginning. The intervention’s cooperative structure relies upon community engagement in order to function (financial investment, regular meetings, decision-making etc.) and the intervention engages with a wider community base in order to address energy poverty and provide opportunities for employment and learning [[Inner-city community energy in London#14. To what extent, in what form and at what stages have citizens participated in the shaping of the intervention?|(Q14)]]. Additionally, further consultation with local residents informed the initiative’s problem definition (deliberative approach), and hands-on involvement (practical approach) in the creation of solar panels and internships led to increased interest and participation [[Inner-city community energy in London#24. What has been done by each central actor group to overcome which particular obstacles in the way of successfully implementing the intervention? (this may include institutional Work - maintaining, disrupting, and creating new rules, applying to both formal laws/regulations and informal norms and expectations.)|(Q24)]].  


Learn more about this intervention:
Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Inner-city community energy in London]]
* Take a look at the detailed [[Inner-city community energy in London]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[From electricity to empowerment: democratizing urban energy systems]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[From Electricity to Empowerment: Democratizing Urban Energy Systems]]


''' ''Community Land Trust'', Brussels'''
''' ''Community Land Trust'', Brussels'''


Future building residents are essential actors in the planning process. From a very early stage they are central in visioning and realizing the creation of their future community land trust home (Q.14).
Future building residents are essential actors in the planning process. From a very early stage they are central in visioning and realizing the creation of their future community land trust home. Furthermore, residents make up one third of the Trust’s board members [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels#14. To what extent, in what form and at what stages have citizens participated in the shaping of the intervention?|(Q.14)]].  


Learn more about this intervention:
Learn more about this intervention:
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BEB would not have been able to establish and grow the way it did without the contribution of volunteers. Most are students, mainly graduates from the field of renewable energies, but there are also retirees who want to use their free time to help the cooperative.
BEB would not have been able to establish and grow the way it did without the contribution of volunteers. Most are students, mainly graduates from the field of renewable energies, but there are also retirees who want to use their free time to help the cooperative.
According to an interviewee,
According to an interviewee,
''“Among the most important factors for the cooperative being alive and working to realize its goals is that we have a lot of people as volunteers giving their time and putting in their efforts [...] The two general managers are essentially doing what needs to be done from coordinating all the activities to implementing new ideas and doing all the nitty gritty and everything. However, that wouldn’t have been possible without the larger membership base that is gradually increasing”.''
“Among the most important factors for the cooperative being alive and working to realize its goals is that we have a lot of people as volunteers giving their time and putting in their efforts [...] The two general managers are essentially doing what needs to be done from coordinating all the activities to implementing new ideas and doing all the nitty gritty and everything. However, that wouldn’t have been possible without the larger membership base that is gradually increasing”.


Learn more about this intervention:
Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Citizens share in Berlin Energy Grid for sustainable energy]]
* Take a look at the detailed [[Citizens share in Berlin Energy Grid for sustainable energy]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Making local energy systems inclusively sustainable - by ourselves, with a little help by friends]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Creating a Sustainable Energy System: a Citizen-Driven Transformation]]


== Relation to justice in urban sustainability governance ==
== Relation to justice in urban sustainability governance ==
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== Critical reflection ==
== Critical reflection ==


Participation processes can be a driver of injustice if they are not planned very carefully around fostering inclusivity, but are, for example, ignorant of who is invited and capable of participating.  
Participation processes can be a driver of injustice if they are not planned very carefully to foster  inclusivity, but are, for example, ignorant of who is invited and capable of participating. Participation can be reliant on the capacity of citizens to self-organize and advocate for their interests. If participatory processes do not include marginalized voices and their priorities, outcomes will not be socially just. In some cases, participation is reliant on the capacity of citizens to self-organize and advocate for their interests From a logistical perspective, meaningful participation processes can be costly and time intensive, and therefore not feasible for initiatives with limited financial resources.  
They also can risk placing extra burden on those who take part and shift responsibilities from the public to private realms.
In a required participatory society, the need to organise participatory processes can risk risk placing extra burden on those who take part and shift responsibilities from the public to private realms, especially if municipalities do not have the ressources to organise such processes themselves. 
From a logistical perspective, participation processes can be costly and time intensive, and therefore not feasible for initiatives with limited financial resources.  
 
In some cases, citizen participation may also risk the achievement of ecological goals, if they conflict with social priorities (like e.g. at Barcelona park, where citizens wished for recreation which conflicted with ecological preservation goals). In such a case, project managers would be required to avoid a zero-sum game situation and instead work towards a solution that addresses social priorities without compromising ecological sustainability.
==Examples==
 
''' ''Vauban neighborhood'', Freiburg '''
 
In Vauban, housing was primarily accessible to homeowners rather than to tenants. Indeed, about 76% of the district is dedicated to homeowners (including cooperatives). However, becoming an owner is not accessible to everyone because it entails very high entry costs. Additionally, building one's own house takes a lot of time (at least 5 years), which not everybody can afford [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg#14. To what extent, in what form and at what stages have citizens participated in the shaping of the intervention?|(Q14)]]
 
Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Collaborating Across Institutional Boundaries: Co-Creating Sustainable Neighborhoods]]
 
''' ''Carnisse neighborhood'', Rotterdam'''
 
The Resilience Lab took place in the context of withdrawal of the state welfare structures and financial support by redirecting the responsibility to the local inhabitants and citizens. In that sense, the Resilience Lab is a solution given the context of a required “participatory society” [[Regeneration of a deprived neighborhood in Rotterdam#20. According to project material/and or interviews, in what ways have particularities of (local) political culture influenced the character and success of the intervention? (i.e. trust in political institutions, citizens’ will to interact with policy makers and vice versa, traditions of cooperation etc.)|(Q20)]].
 
Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Regeneration of a deprived neighborhood in Rotterdam]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Nurturing Trust in Community-Driven Regeneration: Continuity amidst Institutional Uncertainty]]


== Covid-19 connection/How does this enabling arrangement play out under the conditions of a pandemic? ==
== Covid-19 connection/How does this enabling arrangement play out under the conditions of a pandemic? ==


Under Covid-19, in-person activities have been severely restricted, which naturally limits participation processes. While online methods such as participation apps, surveys, and video conferencing may be able to make up for some of the loss, and possibly make participation more accessible for some, like for example, mobility-impaired individuals, the lack of in-person gatherings makes meaningful and truly inclusive participation processes more challenging. This is especially true for participatory initiatives which include, and/or rely on, collective in-person involvement from volunteers.
Under Covid-19, in-person activities have been severely restricted, which naturally limits participation processes. While online methods such as participation apps, surveys, and video conferencing may be able to make up for some of the loss, and possibly make participation more accessible for some, like for example, mobility-impaired individuals, the lack of in-person gatherings makes meaningful and truly inclusive participation processes more challenging. This is especially true for participatory initiatives which include, and/or rely on, collective in-person involvement from volunteers.

Latest revision as of 11:32, 5 March 2021

Commit to a Meaningful Participation Process

General ambition

Meaningful participation means that citizens’ inputs are seriously considered in inclusive design and governance processes, that they visibly shape initiatives’ outcomes, and thus can influence the status quo in urban sustainability and justice. Such a process is also cognisant of who is invited and capable of participating, since otherwise it runs the risk of becoming a further driver of injustice. Committing to a meaningful participation process is important for both municipality-led and community-led initiatives. Depending on the topic, meaningful participation might mean something different. For mostly technical topics (e.g the building of a Storm-water system), the goal of a meaningful participation process could be to create a dialogue with residents to give the possibility for expressing potential doubts and misconceptions. This might then offer the opportunity and resources for residents tobe made co-responsible for other aspects of the project. Participation processes have to be aware that engagement might decline over time if no physical outcomes of the participation can be seen in the area. Additionally, institutions have to commit long-term to the process in order to build up trust and give residents the belief that their own time and energy investment is not wasted but is part of a long-term vision to change the area positively.

  1. On the side of municipalities: Municipal actors need to acknowledge and embrace the value of citizen participation in project development and trust civil-society in visioning and implementing projects. This type of collaborative governance entails a clear definition of roles and responsibilities and could even mean seeing each other as equally legitimate to engage in the project as partners (e.g. between municipal actors and citizens).
  2. On the side of civil society: Committing to a meaningful participation process in bottom-up initiatives can also entail a thoughtful mix of deliberative and practical approaches to citizen participation. Practical, ‘hands on’ participation opportunities can help make projects more inclusive as they allow for people from diverse backgrounds to contribute. Public participation in the form of volunteering can be crucial for the initiative’s operation and legitimacy.

Examples

1. On the side of municipality

Vauban neighborhood, Freiburg

The citizen-led Vauban Forum was invited to participate in the “Vauban city planning council” (a consultative committee within the city council) which indicates that the municipality recognizes citizens as legitimate partners in the project development (Q15 & Q22).

Learn more about this intervention:

Holistic neighbourhood development, Augustenborg

In Augustenborg, all physical changes were discussed in advance with residents, giving them the possibility to express their suggestions and observations, thereby having the possibility to adjust and modify the plan. All actions were agreed on together with residents. Some aspects of the project were co-designed by residents, as they were considered as experts and bearers of specific and territorially grounded knowledge. In total, approximately, approximately 20% of the residents participated in the project. Several of their ideas were implemented into the neighbourhood, such as developing the open storm water system in a more natural process that enhances the area’s urban biodiversity (Q14). Key here was to strike a good balance between short-term change of the area (where residents see fast changes as a result of their own participation) and long-term commitment of institutions (so residents see a bigger vision behind the project and feel like their time and energy will contribute to something greater) (Q23).

Learn more about this intervention:

2. On the side of civil society

Repowering, London

Citizens have been the founders and drivers of the intervention from the very beginning. The intervention’s cooperative structure relies upon community engagement in order to function (financial investment, regular meetings, decision-making etc.) and the intervention engages with a wider community base in order to address energy poverty and provide opportunities for employment and learning (Q14). Additionally, further consultation with local residents informed the initiative’s problem definition (deliberative approach), and hands-on involvement (practical approach) in the creation of solar panels and internships led to increased interest and participation (Q24).

Learn more about this intervention:

Community Land Trust, Brussels

Future building residents are essential actors in the planning process. From a very early stage they are central in visioning and realizing the creation of their future community land trust home. Furthermore, residents make up one third of the Trust’s board members (Q.14).

Learn more about this intervention:

Carnisse neighborhood, Rotterdam

To make the project more inclusive, project proponents developed two types of participation methods and invited residents to engage in a more deliberative one (e.g. visioning the district) and more practical one (e.g. developing activities in the community center and community garden).

Learn more about this intervention:

Büger Energie Berlin, Berlin

BEB would not have been able to establish and grow the way it did without the contribution of volunteers. Most are students, mainly graduates from the field of renewable energies, but there are also retirees who want to use their free time to help the cooperative. According to an interviewee, “Among the most important factors for the cooperative being alive and working to realize its goals is that we have a lot of people as volunteers giving their time and putting in their efforts [...] The two general managers are essentially doing what needs to be done from coordinating all the activities to implementing new ideas and doing all the nitty gritty and everything. However, that wouldn’t have been possible without the larger membership base that is gradually increasing”.

Learn more about this intervention:

Relation to justice in urban sustainability governance

Committing to a meaningful participation process should help overcome one driver of injustice previously explored by UrbanA, Limited citizen participation in urban planning. This refers to the limited involvement and engagement of citizens and citizens’ initiatives in decision-making around the planning, design, implementation and/or evaluation of urban sustainability-oriented interventions. By increasing the opportunity for serious consideration of citizens’ needs and desires, as well as providing the chance to take an active part in shaping initiatives, the status quo of urban sustainability and injustice can be called into question. This also means reducing barriers to participation for specific marginalized groups, such as single parents or low income individuals, by providing childcare options or some form of financial compensation for their time. This effort can help increase procedural and representational justice in urban sustainability governance.

Critical reflection

Participation processes can be a driver of injustice if they are not planned very carefully to foster inclusivity, but are, for example, ignorant of who is invited and capable of participating. Participation can be reliant on the capacity of citizens to self-organize and advocate for their interests. If participatory processes do not include marginalized voices and their priorities, outcomes will not be socially just. In some cases, participation is reliant on the capacity of citizens to self-organize and advocate for their interests From a logistical perspective, meaningful participation processes can be costly and time intensive, and therefore not feasible for initiatives with limited financial resources. In a required participatory society, the need to organise participatory processes can risk risk placing extra burden on those who take part and shift responsibilities from the public to private realms, especially if municipalities do not have the ressources to organise such processes themselves.

Examples

Vauban neighborhood, Freiburg

In Vauban, housing was primarily accessible to homeowners rather than to tenants. Indeed, about 76% of the district is dedicated to homeowners (including cooperatives). However, becoming an owner is not accessible to everyone because it entails very high entry costs. Additionally, building one's own house takes a lot of time (at least 5 years), which not everybody can afford (Q14)

Learn more about this intervention:

Carnisse neighborhood, Rotterdam

The Resilience Lab took place in the context of withdrawal of the state welfare structures and financial support by redirecting the responsibility to the local inhabitants and citizens. In that sense, the Resilience Lab is a solution given the context of a required “participatory society” (Q20).

Learn more about this intervention:

Covid-19 connection/How does this enabling arrangement play out under the conditions of a pandemic?

Under Covid-19, in-person activities have been severely restricted, which naturally limits participation processes. While online methods such as participation apps, surveys, and video conferencing may be able to make up for some of the loss, and possibly make participation more accessible for some, like for example, mobility-impaired individuals, the lack of in-person gatherings makes meaningful and truly inclusive participation processes more challenging. This is especially true for participatory initiatives which include, and/or rely on, collective in-person involvement from volunteers.