Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization - Revision history

Panagiota Kotsila: /* Links to projects */

2020-08-31T12:19:47Z

Links to projects

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	==Links to projects==		==Links to projects==

	This driver links to the following research projects: URBLIV, GREENLULUS HiReach, TESS.		This driver links to the following research projects: URBLIV [https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/272763], GREENLULUS [http://www.bcnuej.org/projects/greenlulus/], HiReach [https://hireach-project.eu/], TESS [http://www.tess-transition.eu/].


			==References==

Panagiota Kotsila: /* Ways forward */

2020-08-31T12:15:08Z

Ways forward

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:15, 31 August 2020
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	Systemic exclusion and racism do not only foreclose possibilities for urban justice and sustainability, but for any kind of progressive future society. Urban planning and politics have a central role in addressing the injustices related to racial and ethnic discrimination, and the Black Lives Matter movement has highlighted these connections and interrelations [[https://www.blackandurban.com/social-urbanism/2020/6/5/the-planners-beginner-guide-to-the-blacklivesmatter-movement]]. Initiatives such as changing the name or symbology of monuments or the name of streets, for example, can help to make visible and normalize more diverse and decolonial voices into urban planning (UrbanA Arena insight).		Systemic exclusion and racism do not only foreclose possibilities for urban justice and sustainability, but for any kind of progressive future society. Urban planning and politics have a central role in addressing the injustices related to racial and ethnic discrimination, and the Black Lives Matter movement has highlighted these connections and interrelations [[https://www.blackandurban.com/social-urbanism/2020/6/5/the-planners-beginner-guide-to-the-blacklivesmatter-movement]]. Initiatives such as changing the name or symbology of monuments or the name of streets, for example, can help to make visible and normalize more diverse and decolonial voices into urban planning (UrbanA Arena insight).

	There are also plenty of examples of grassroots sustainability initiatives that aim explicitly at inclusion (such as creating art from recycled materials to promote refugee self-sufficiency in Rome [PATHWAYS project [[https://www.pathways-project.eu/]]], or developing community gardening initiatives in Boston have helped to meaningfully involve racial and ethnic marginalized minorities (addressing procedural, hermeneutical & recognition justice) (Anguelovski, 2013<ref>Anguelovski, I. (2013b). From environmental trauma to safe haven: Place attachment and place remaking in three marginalized neighborhoods of Barcelona, Boston, and Havana. City & Community, 12(3), 211–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12026</ref>; Annunziata & Rivas-Alonso, 2020<ref>Annunziata, S., & Rivas-Alonso, C. (2020). Everyday resistances in gentrifying contexts. In S. Murru & A. Polese (Eds.), Resistances: Between Theories and the Field. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.</ref>).		There are also plenty of examples of grassroots sustainability initiatives that aim explicitly at inclusion (such as creating art from recycled materials to promote refugee self-sufficiency in Rome [PATHWAYS project [https://www.pathways-project.eu/]], or developing community gardening initiatives in Boston have helped to meaningfully involve racial and ethnic marginalized minorities (addressing procedural, hermeneutical & recognition justice) (Anguelovski, 2013<ref>Anguelovski, I. (2013b). From environmental trauma to safe haven: Place attachment and place remaking in three marginalized neighborhoods of Barcelona, Boston, and Havana. City & Community, 12(3), 211–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12026</ref>; Annunziata & Rivas-Alonso, 2020<ref>Annunziata, S., & Rivas-Alonso, C. (2020). Everyday resistances in gentrifying contexts. In S. Murru & A. Polese (Eds.), Resistances: Between Theories and the Field. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.</ref>).

	==Links to projects==		==Links to projects==

Panagiota Kotsila at 12:08, 31 August 2020

2020-08-31T12:08:20Z

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	*<b>Unequal risks</b>		*<b>Unequal risks</b>

	Neglect of and underinvestment in minority neighbourhoods holds the risk of translating into the deterioration of social welfare (e.g. in terms of uncontrolled crime, low quality of education facilities, low quality of public transportation infrastructure) as well as the increase of environmental health risks. Minority neighbourhoods often suffer from proximity to freeways, incinerators, or waste sites, in and around cities (Pulido, 2000; Schively, 2007).		Neglect of and underinvestment in minority neighbourhoods holds the risk of translating into the deterioration of social welfare (e.g. in terms of uncontrolled crime, low quality of education facilities, low quality of public transportation infrastructure) as well as the increase of environmental health risks. Minority neighbourhoods often suffer from proximity to freeways, incinerators, or waste sites, in and around cities (Pulido, 2000<ref>Pulido, L. (2000). Rethinking environmental racism: White privilege and urban development in Southern California. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 90(1), 12–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/0004-5608.00182</ref>; Schively, 2007<ref>Schively, C. (2007). Understanding the NIMBY and LULU phenomena: Reassessing our knowledge base and informing future research. Journal of Planning Literature, 21(3), 255–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412206295845</ref>).

	*<b>Unequal access to and use of green spaces</b>		*<b>Unequal access to and use of green spaces</b>

	Racial composition often correlates with historical contamination and waste dumping, as well as with low percentages of active green space available per resident (Anguelovski et al., 2018; Cole et al., 2019). Although accessible greening can act as an enabling factor for social cohesion (URBAN GreenUP, 2017a), it is arguably not given enough priority in historically deprived areas, which is where newly arrived immigrants and refugees usually first settle as they are seeking cheap rental conditions and proximity to jobs. Moreover, enjoying nature can be challenging for racial and ethnic minorities, as witnessed by many black environmentalists, geographers and birdwatchers. Minorities feel they are not welcome and are even exposed to violence <ref> The Guardian (2020) The perils of being black in public: we are all Christian Cooper and George Floyd. Online here: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/03/being-black-public-spaces-outdoors-perils-christian-cooper</ref>, and this can be more severe in the case of women, who are exposed to racial and sexual violence in green spaces like parks.		Racial composition often correlates with historical contamination and waste dumping, as well as with low percentages of active green space available per resident (Anguelovski et al., 2018<ref>Anguelovski, I., Connolly, J., & Brand, A. L. (2018). From landscapes of utopia to the margins of the green urban life. City, 22(3), 417–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2018.1473126</ref>; Cole et al., 2019<ref>Cole, H. V. S., Triguero-Mas, M., Connolly, J. J. T., & Anguelovski, I. (2019). Determining the health benefits of green space: Does gentrification matter? Health & Place, 57, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.02.001</ref>). Although accessible greening can act as an enabling factor for social cohesion (URBAN GreenUP, 2017a), it is arguably not given enough priority in historically deprived areas, which is where newly arrived immigrants and refugees usually first settle as they are seeking cheap rental conditions and proximity to jobs. Moreover, enjoying nature can be challenging for racial and ethnic minorities, as witnessed by many black environmentalists, geographers and birdwatchers. Minorities feel they are not welcome and are even exposed to violence <ref> The Guardian (2020) The perils of being black in public: we are all Christian Cooper and George Floyd. Online here: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/03/being-black-public-spaces-outdoors-perils-christian-cooper</ref>, and this can be more severe in the case of women, who are exposed to racial and sexual violence in green spaces like parks.

	*<b>Unequal access to sustainable mobility and other sustainability initiatives</b>		*<b>Unequal access to sustainable mobility and other sustainability initiatives</b>

	Sustainable urban mobility may also be unequally accessible to racial or ethnic groups, due to lack of infrastructure, high cost, or poor access to information (Wirtz et al., 2019). During the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, it was noted that public transport was used more by migrant workers and ethnically diverse people – who likely have no alternative means of transportation. This shows how race dynamics intersect with working class dynamics, and highlights the need for improving the number, quality and accessibility of transportation networks for essential workers. At the same time, it is noticed that alternative and more sustainable mobility solutions, like cycling, are very white- and male- dominated, with the planning of bike lines for example not contemplating the constraints that women of color are often facing (UrbanA Arena insights).		Sustainable urban mobility may also be unequally accessible to racial or ethnic groups, due to lack of infrastructure, high cost, or poor access to information (Wirtz et al., 2019<ref>Wirtz, J., van Egmond, P., Freitas, A., Reis, V., Santos, F., Carvalho, D., & Marquet, A. (2019). Mobility solutions and estimation of their potential impacts on inclusive mobility and equity, Deliverable 3.3. HiReach.</ref>). During the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, it was noted that public transport was used more by migrant workers and ethnically diverse people – who likely have no alternative means of transportation. This shows how race dynamics intersect with working class dynamics, and highlights the need for improving the number, quality and accessibility of transportation networks for essential workers. At the same time, it is noticed that alternative and more sustainable mobility solutions, like cycling, are very white- and male- dominated, with the planning of bike lines for example not contemplating the constraints that women of color are often facing (UrbanA Arena insights).

	Inequality may often also result in exclusion from sustainability initiatives due to structural or participatory injustices that these groups are often subject to. In Berlin, for example, refugees were hesitant to participate in a programme that ‘saved’ food from becoming waste, because it reflected stigma on them [TESS, personal communication~~, February 20, 2020)~~].		Inequality may often also result in exclusion from sustainability initiatives due to structural or participatory injustices that these groups are often subject to. In Berlin, for example, refugees were hesitant to participate in a programme that ‘saved’ food from becoming waste, because it reflected stigma on them [TESS, personal communication].

	{{#ev:youtube\|uC0oyDbjZFw}}		{{#ev:youtube\|uC0oyDbjZFw}}
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	Systemic exclusion and racism do not only foreclose possibilities for urban justice and sustainability, but for any kind of progressive future society. Urban planning and politics have a central role in addressing the injustices related to racial and ethnic discrimination, and the Black Lives Matter movement has highlighted these connections and interrelations [[https://www.blackandurban.com/social-urbanism/2020/6/5/the-planners-beginner-guide-to-the-blacklivesmatter-movement]]. Initiatives such as changing the name or symbology of monuments or the name of streets, for example, can help to make visible and normalize more diverse and decolonial voices into urban planning (UrbanA Arena insight).		Systemic exclusion and racism do not only foreclose possibilities for urban justice and sustainability, but for any kind of progressive future society. Urban planning and politics have a central role in addressing the injustices related to racial and ethnic discrimination, and the Black Lives Matter movement has highlighted these connections and interrelations [[https://www.blackandurban.com/social-urbanism/2020/6/5/the-planners-beginner-guide-to-the-blacklivesmatter-movement]]. Initiatives such as changing the name or symbology of monuments or the name of streets, for example, can help to make visible and normalize more diverse and decolonial voices into urban planning (UrbanA Arena insight).

	There are also plenty of examples of grassroots sustainability initiatives that aim explicitly at inclusion (such as creating art from recycled materials to promote refugee self-sufficiency in Rome [PATHWAYS], or developing community gardening initiatives in Boston have helped to meaningfully involve racial and ethnic marginalized minorities (procedural ~~justice~~, hermeneutical & recognition justice) (Anguelovski, 2013b; Annunziata & Rivas-Alonso, 2020).		There are also plenty of examples of grassroots sustainability initiatives that aim explicitly at inclusion (such as creating art from recycled materials to promote refugee self-sufficiency in Rome [PATHWAYS project [[https://www.pathways-project.eu/]]], or developing community gardening initiatives in Boston have helped to meaningfully involve racial and ethnic marginalized minorities (addressing procedural, hermeneutical & recognition justice) (Anguelovski, 2013<ref>Anguelovski, I. (2013b). From environmental trauma to safe haven: Place attachment and place remaking in three marginalized neighborhoods of Barcelona, Boston, and Havana. City & Community, 12(3), 211–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12026</ref>; Annunziata & Rivas-Alonso, 2020<ref>Annunziata, S., & Rivas-Alonso, C. (2020). Everyday resistances in gentrifying contexts. In S. Murru & A. Polese (Eds.), Resistances: Between Theories and the Field. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.</ref>).

	==Links to projects==		==Links to projects==

Panagiota Kotsila: /* Ways forward */

2020-08-31T12:02:34Z

Ways forward

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:02, 31 August 2020
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	There are also plenty of examples of grassroots sustainability initiatives that aim explicitly at inclusion (such as creating art from recycled materials to promote refugee self-sufficiency in Rome [PATHWAYS], or developing community gardening initiatives in Boston have helped to meaningfully involve racial and ethnic marginalized minorities (procedural justice, hermeneutical & recognition justice) (Anguelovski, 2013b; Annunziata & Rivas-Alonso, 2020).		There are also plenty of examples of grassroots sustainability initiatives that aim explicitly at inclusion (such as creating art from recycled materials to promote refugee self-sufficiency in Rome [PATHWAYS], or developing community gardening initiatives in Boston have helped to meaningfully involve racial and ethnic marginalized minorities (procedural justice, hermeneutical & recognition justice) (Anguelovski, 2013b; Annunziata & Rivas-Alonso, 2020).


	==Links to projects==		==Links to projects==

Panagiota Kotsila: /* Illustration */

2020-08-31T12:02:21Z

Illustration

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	[Source: RELOCAL project [[https://relocal.eu/]], (Ulied et al., 2019<ref>Ulied, A., Biosca, O., Rodrigo, R., & Noguera, L. (2019). Transformation Plan for La Mina Neighbourhood in Barcelona Metropolitan Region, Spain. In RELOCAL Case Study (Vol. 9). University of Eastern Finland.</ref>)]		[Source: RELOCAL project [[https://relocal.eu/]], (Ulied et al., 2019<ref>Ulied, A., Biosca, O., Rodrigo, R., & Noguera, L. (2019). Transformation Plan for La Mina Neighbourhood in Barcelona Metropolitan Region, Spain. In RELOCAL Case Study (Vol. 9). University of Eastern Finland.</ref>)]


	[[File:Racial-ethnicimmigrant.png\|400px\|thumb\|left\|A man protests at an energy supply company in Catalonia. Racial and ethnic exclusion are core social markers of low wages, lack of access to affordable housing, and energy poverty.]]		[[File:Racial-ethnicimmigrant.png\|400px\|thumb\|left\|A man protests at an energy supply company in Catalonia. Racial and ethnic exclusion are core social markers of low wages, lack of access to affordable housing, and energy poverty.]]

Panagiota Kotsila: /* Illustration */

2020-08-31T12:02:02Z

Illustration

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	[[File:		[[File:Racial-ethnicimmigrant.png\|400px\|thumb\|left\|A man protests at an energy supply company in Catalonia. Racial and ethnic exclusion are core social markers of low wages, lack of access to affordable housing, and energy poverty.]]


	==Ways forward==		==Ways forward==

Panagiota Kotsila at 11:53, 31 August 2020

2020-08-31T11:53:49Z

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	"Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization" as a driver of injustice refers to the ways in which historic patterns of segregation, based on race, ethnicity, religion or other identity characteristics, shape the outcomes of urban sustainability efforts		"Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization" as a driver of injustice refers to the ways in which historic patterns of segregation, based on race, ethnicity, religion or other identity characteristics, shape the outcomes of urban sustainability efforts.

	==General introduction==		==General introduction==
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	Racial composition often correlates with historical contamination and waste dumping, as well as with low percentages of active green space available per resident (Anguelovski et al., 2018; Cole et al., 2019). Although accessible greening can act as an enabling factor for social cohesion (URBAN GreenUP, 2017a), it is arguably not given enough priority in historically deprived areas, which is where newly arrived immigrants and refugees usually first settle as they are seeking cheap rental conditions and proximity to jobs. Moreover, enjoying nature can be challenging for racial and ethnic minorities, as witnessed by many black environmentalists, geographers and birdwatchers. Minorities feel they are not welcome and are even exposed to violence <ref> The Guardian (2020) The perils of being black in public: we are all Christian Cooper and George Floyd. Online here: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/03/being-black-public-spaces-outdoors-perils-christian-cooper</ref>, and this can be more severe in the case of women, who are exposed to racial and sexual violence in green spaces like parks.		Racial composition often correlates with historical contamination and waste dumping, as well as with low percentages of active green space available per resident (Anguelovski et al., 2018; Cole et al., 2019). Although accessible greening can act as an enabling factor for social cohesion (URBAN GreenUP, 2017a), it is arguably not given enough priority in historically deprived areas, which is where newly arrived immigrants and refugees usually first settle as they are seeking cheap rental conditions and proximity to jobs. Moreover, enjoying nature can be challenging for racial and ethnic minorities, as witnessed by many black environmentalists, geographers and birdwatchers. Minorities feel they are not welcome and are even exposed to violence <ref> The Guardian (2020) The perils of being black in public: we are all Christian Cooper and George Floyd. Online here: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/03/being-black-public-spaces-outdoors-perils-christian-cooper</ref>, and this can be more severe in the case of women, who are exposed to racial and sexual violence in green spaces like parks.


	*<b>Unequal access to sustainable mobility and other sustainability initiatives</b>		*<b>Unequal access to sustainable mobility and other sustainability initiatives</b>
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	Since 2012, A “Pla de Barris” has been proposed in order to improve public space, buildings, new technologies, urban sustainability aspects, gender equality, urban planning improvements, among others (Ajuntament de Premia de Dalt; Ajuntament de Premia de Mar, 2012). Although the financial difficulties were a limitation, the action has contributed to the reinforcement of identity and kindled a sense of belonging to the neighbourhood.		Since 2012, A “Pla de Barris” has been proposed in order to improve public space, buildings, new technologies, urban sustainability aspects, gender equality, urban planning improvements, among others (Ajuntament de Premia de Dalt; Ajuntament de Premia de Mar, 2012). Although the financial difficulties were a limitation, the action has contributed to the reinforcement of identity and kindled a sense of belonging to the neighbourhood.

			[Source: RELOCAL project [[https://relocal.eu/]], (Ulied et al., 2019<ref>Ulied, A., Biosca, O., Rodrigo, R., & Noguera, L. (2019). Transformation Plan for La Mina Neighbourhood in Barcelona Metropolitan Region, Spain. In RELOCAL Case Study (Vol. 9). University of Eastern Finland.</ref>)]
	[Source: RELOCAL project, (Ulied et al., 2019)

	~~NATURVATION [https://naturvation~~.~~eu/] and GREENLULUS [http://www~~.~~bcnuej~~.~~org~~/~~projects/greenlulus/] projects; including personal communication.~~]

Panagiota Kotsila at 11:50, 31 August 2020

2020-08-31T11:50:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:50, 31 August 2020
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	"Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization" as a driver of injustice refers to		"Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization" as a driver of injustice refers to the ways in which historic patterns of segregation, based on race, ethnicity, religion or other identity characteristics, shape the outcomes of urban sustainability efforts

	==General introduction==		==General introduction==

			Racial or ethnic injustices and inequalities are territorially experienced and expressed in spatial segregation patterns (distributional justice) (Arapoglou & Sayas, 2009 <ref>Arapoglou, V. P., & Sayas, J. (2009). New facets of urban segregation in Southern Europe: Gender, migration and social class change in Athens. European Urban and Regional Studies, 16(4), 345–362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776409340187</ref>; Kundu & Saraswati, 2012<ref>Kundu, A., & Saraswati, L. R. (2012). Migration and exclusionary urbanisation in India. Economic and Political Weekly, 47(26–27), 219–227.</ref>; Musterd, 2005<ref>Musterd, S. (2005). Social and ethnic segregation in Europe: Levels, causes, and effects. Journal of Urban Affairs, 27(3), 331–348. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0735-2166.2005.00239.x</ref>). By segregation, we are referring to the systemic and, at least partially, non-voluntary separation of people in space according to racial or other ethnic group identity, and as a consequence, the creation of distinct versions of daily life.

			Race, ethnicity, and immigration status are often used as markers for generating unequal integration of people into (urban) society. This may occur through spatial segregation, but also through cultural norms, financial rules, and infrastructure provision. In Europe, this process is marked by the isolation, ghettoization, territorial stigmatization, advanced marginality, and increased legal targeting of immigrants along a race-class axis (Wacquant et al., 2014<ref>Wacquant, L., Slater, T., & Pereira, V. B. (2014). Territorial stigmatization in action. Environment and Planning A, 46(6), 1270–1280.</ref>).

	[[File:3-Racialized-Or-Ethnically-Exclusionary-Urbanization-OK.jpg\|600px]]		[[File:3-Racialized-Or-Ethnically-Exclusionary-Urbanization-OK.jpg\|600px]]
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	==Manifestations and types of injustice==		==Manifestations and types of injustice==

			*<b>Unequal risks</b>

			Neglect of and underinvestment in minority neighbourhoods holds the risk of translating into the deterioration of social welfare (e.g. in terms of uncontrolled crime, low quality of education facilities, low quality of public transportation infrastructure) as well as the increase of environmental health risks. Minority neighbourhoods often suffer from proximity to freeways, incinerators, or waste sites, in and around cities (Pulido, 2000; Schively, 2007).

			*<b>Unequal access to and use of green spaces</b>

			Racial composition often correlates with historical contamination and waste dumping, as well as with low percentages of active green space available per resident (Anguelovski et al., 2018; Cole et al., 2019). Although accessible greening can act as an enabling factor for social cohesion (URBAN GreenUP, 2017a), it is arguably not given enough priority in historically deprived areas, which is where newly arrived immigrants and refugees usually first settle as they are seeking cheap rental conditions and proximity to jobs. Moreover, enjoying nature can be challenging for racial and ethnic minorities, as witnessed by many black environmentalists, geographers and birdwatchers. Minorities feel they are not welcome and are even exposed to violence <ref> The Guardian (2020) The perils of being black in public: we are all Christian Cooper and George Floyd. Online here: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/03/being-black-public-spaces-outdoors-perils-christian-cooper</ref>, and this can be more severe in the case of women, who are exposed to racial and sexual violence in green spaces like parks.


			*<b>Unequal access to sustainable mobility and other sustainability initiatives</b>

			Sustainable urban mobility may also be unequally accessible to racial or ethnic groups, due to lack of infrastructure, high cost, or poor access to information (Wirtz et al., 2019). During the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, it was noted that public transport was used more by migrant workers and ethnically diverse people – who likely have no alternative means of transportation. This shows how race dynamics intersect with working class dynamics, and highlights the need for improving the number, quality and accessibility of transportation networks for essential workers. At the same time, it is noticed that alternative and more sustainable mobility solutions, like cycling, are very white- and male- dominated, with the planning of bike lines for example not contemplating the constraints that women of color are often facing (UrbanA Arena insights).

			Inequality may often also result in exclusion from sustainability initiatives due to structural or participatory injustices that these groups are often subject to. In Berlin, for example, refugees were hesitant to participate in a programme that ‘saved’ food from becoming waste, because it reflected stigma on them [TESS, personal communication, February 20, 2020)].

	{{#ev:youtube\|uC0oyDbjZFw}}		{{#ev:youtube\|uC0oyDbjZFw}}
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	==Illustration==		==Illustration==

			<b>Housing and energy poverty in Santa Maria/Santa Anna–Tió neighborhood, Premià de Dalt, Spain.</b>

			Santa Maria/Santa Anna–Tió is a working-class neighbourhood in Premià de Dalt, an otherwise high-income municipality in the vicinity of Barcelona. The neighbourhood residents, 17% of which are of African or Latin-American origin, have low professional training and young residents tend to not be integrated in the educational environment or the labour market. Immigrant women face serious problems in finding employment. The neighbourhood also suffers from housing deficiencies as houses are too small and have structural problems due to precarious conditions of construction. The unemployment rate in the Santa Maria/Santa Anna–Tió neighbourhood is around 16%, higher than the overall municipality and county rates.

			The neighbourhood urbanized between 1960 and 1970, isolated from the urban centers and with little infrastructural planning, and today its residents suffer from housing deficiencies and energy poverty; houses are often too small, and many have structural problems due to precarious conditions of construction. The housing that is available is unaffordable, especially given the low wages of many of the neighborhood’s residents. Those who suffer from energy/water poverty are predominantly immigrant populations, with many families unable to pay electricity and water supplies, especially during and in the aftermath of the 2007 economic crisis.

			Since 2012, A “Pla de Barris” has been proposed in order to improve public space, buildings, new technologies, urban sustainability aspects, gender equality, urban planning improvements, among others (Ajuntament de Premia de Dalt; Ajuntament de Premia de Mar, 2012). Although the financial difficulties were a limitation, the action has contributed to the reinforcement of identity and kindled a sense of belonging to the neighbourhood.


			[Source: RELOCAL project, (Ulied et al., 2019)

			NATURVATION [https://naturvation.eu/] and GREENLULUS [http://www.bcnuej.org/projects/greenlulus/] projects; including personal communication.]

	~~[Source: NATURVATION [https://naturvation.eu/] and GREENLULUS [http://www.bcnuej.org/projects/greenlulus/] projects; including personal communication.]~~

	[[File:		[[File:


	==Ways forward==		==Ways forward==

			Systemic exclusion and racism do not only foreclose possibilities for urban justice and sustainability, but for any kind of progressive future society. Urban planning and politics have a central role in addressing the injustices related to racial and ethnic discrimination, and the Black Lives Matter movement has highlighted these connections and interrelations [[https://www.blackandurban.com/social-urbanism/2020/6/5/the-planners-beginner-guide-to-the-blacklivesmatter-movement]]. Initiatives such as changing the name or symbology of monuments or the name of streets, for example, can help to make visible and normalize more diverse and decolonial voices into urban planning (UrbanA Arena insight).

			There are also plenty of examples of grassroots sustainability initiatives that aim explicitly at inclusion (such as creating art from recycled materials to promote refugee self-sufficiency in Rome [PATHWAYS], or developing community gardening initiatives in Boston have helped to meaningfully involve racial and ethnic marginalized minorities (procedural justice, hermeneutical & recognition justice) (Anguelovski, 2013b; Annunziata & Rivas-Alonso, 2020).


	==Links to projects==		==Links to projects==

	This driver links to the following research projects:		This driver links to the following research projects: URBLIV, GREENLULUS HiReach, TESS.

Panagiota Kotsila at 15:39, 28 August 2020

2020-08-28T15:39:46Z

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Tom.henfrey: added video link and category tag

2020-06-02T16:40:52Z

added video link and category tag

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			[[Category:Drivers]]