Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities - Revision history

Panagiota Kotsila: /* Links to projects */

2020-09-03T12:16:06Z

Links to projects

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:16, 3 September 2020
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	==Links to projects==		==Links to projects==

	This driver links to the following research projects: FOODMETERS ~~NATURE FOR CITIES~~; CLEVER CITIES, MILESECURE, SEISMIC, SHARECITY		This driver links to the following research projects: FOODMETERS [http://www.foodmetres.eu/], NATURE4CITIES [https://www.nature4cities.eu/]; CLEVER CITIES [https://clevercities.eu/], MILESECURE [https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/320169/reporting], SEISMIC [https://eurocities.eu/eurocities/projects/SEiSMiC&tpl=home], [[SHARECITY (Sustainability of city-based food sharing)]].

	==References==		==References==

Panagiota Kotsila: /* Manifestations and types of injustice */

2020-09-03T12:12:19Z

Manifestations and types of injustice

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:12, 3 September 2020
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	==Manifestations and types of injustice==		==Manifestations and types of injustice==

	Access to knowledge can be seen as a distributive justice concern that in turn impacts procedural justice, given that environmental and sustainability awareness and education will presumably animate more informed and meaningful, and thus more inclusive, participation. The extent to which people not only access, but also internalize the innovations being undertaken can to a great extent determine the benefits perceived. In Ljubljana, for example, it was found that farmers had low awareness of existing food-related producers’ networks, and little overall knowledge of better practices to reach the consuming public. This was seen to be both hampering the producers’ potential of surviving financially against industrialized agricultural businesses and limiting the availability of fresh food locally produced for consumers (Wascher et al., 2015<ref>Wascher, D., Kneafsey, M., Pintar, M., & Piorr, A. (2015). FOODMETRES: Food planning and innovation for sustainabile metropolitan regions Synthesis Report 2015. FOODMETRES.</ref>).		Access to knowledge can be seen as a distributive justice concern that in turn impacts procedural justice, given that environmental and sustainability awareness and education will presumably animate more informed and meaningful, and thus more inclusive, participation. The extent to which people not only access, but also internalize the sustainability innovations being undertaken can to a great extent determine how the benefits are perceived.
			In Ljubljana, for example, it was found that farmers had low awareness of existing food-related producers’ networks, and little overall knowledge of better practices to reach the consuming public. This was seen to be both hampering the producers’ potential of surviving financially against industrialized agricultural businesses and limiting the availability of fresh food locally produced for consumers (Wascher et al., 2015<ref>Wascher, D., Kneafsey, M., Pintar, M., & Piorr, A. (2015). FOODMETRES: Food planning and innovation for sustainabile metropolitan regions Synthesis Report 2015. FOODMETRES.</ref>).

	In a wider sense, a lack of environmental awareness/education that might stem from lack of adequate information campaigns or lack of policy that would popularize sustainability-oriented initiatives, can further hinder the development of inclusive innovation in cities (e.g. nature-based solutions, or energy transitions) (Nature4Cities, 2018a, 2018b <ref>Nature4Cities. (2018a). D2.1 –System of integrated multi-scale and multi-thematic performance indicators for the assessment of urban challenges and NBS. Horizon 2020 grand agreement No 730468.</ref>, <ref>Nature4Cities. (2018b). D5.2 Citizen and Stakeholder Engagementstrategies and tools for NBS Implementation. Horizon 2020 grand agreement No 730468.</ref>; Valkenburg & Cotella, 2016<ref>Valkenburg, G., & Cotella, G. (2016). Governance of energy transitions: about inclusion and closure in complex sociotechnical problems. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 6(20). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-016-0086-8</ref>). Exclusivity of access in relation to urban sustainability and its benefits can also be the result of miscommunication, or obstacles in collaboration and knowledge brokerage, between the scientific community and civil society – including activists, NGOs and the wider public. Difficult terminology, unwelcoming communication platforms, and a lack of “translating” insights to useful materials for policy-makers, practitioners or citizens can hinder the uptake of innovations (Morrow, 2019<ref>Morrow, O. (2019). Sharing food and risk in Berlin’s urban food commons. Geoforum, 99, 202–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.09.003</ref>). If relying on digital means, for example, a gap could arise between those with access to technological literacy on digital technologies, and those without.		In a wider sense, a lack of environmental awareness/education that might stem from lack of adequate information campaigns or lack of policy that would popularize sustainability-oriented initiatives, can further hinder the development of inclusive innovation in cities (e.g. nature-based solutions, or energy transitions) (Nature4Cities, 2018a, 2018b <ref>Nature4Cities. (2018a). D2.1 –System of integrated multi-scale and multi-thematic performance indicators for the assessment of urban challenges and NBS. Horizon 2020 grand agreement No 730468.</ref>, <ref>Nature4Cities. (2018b). D5.2 Citizen and Stakeholder Engagementstrategies and tools for NBS Implementation. Horizon 2020 grand agreement No 730468.</ref>; Valkenburg & Cotella, 2016<ref>Valkenburg, G., & Cotella, G. (2016). Governance of energy transitions: about inclusion and closure in complex sociotechnical problems. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 6(20). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-016-0086-8</ref>).

			Exclusivity of access in relation to urban sustainability and its benefits can also be the result of miscommunication, or obstacles in collaboration and knowledge brokerage, between the scientific community and civil society – including activists, NGOs and the wider public. Difficult terminology, unwelcoming communication platforms, and a lack of “translating” insights to useful materials for policy-makers, practitioners or citizens can hinder the uptake of innovations (Morrow, 2019<ref>Morrow, O. (2019). Sharing food and risk in Berlin’s urban food commons. Geoforum, 99, 202–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.09.003</ref>). If relying on digital means, for example, a gap could arise between those with access to technological literacy on digital technologies, and those without.

	In short, knowledge brokerage is related to justice in urban sustainability because those who can best leverage knowledge produced or required to make sustainability transitions happen are those best positioned to benefit from them.		In short, knowledge brokerage is related to justice in urban sustainability because those who can best leverage knowledge produced or required to make sustainability transitions happen are those best positioned to benefit from them.

Panagiota Kotsila: /* Ways forward */

2020-09-03T12:09:45Z

Ways forward

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:09, 3 September 2020
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	[[File:Crowd usg.png\|400px\|thumb\|left\|Photo by Veronica Vitale/crowdusg.net. Digital and social technologies can enhance the participatory process and improve knowledge brokerage, leading to more inclusive and representative urban governance. It can also become another form of exclusion, however, if only the technologically literate have access to digital platforms.]]		[[File:Crowd usg.png\|400px\|thumb\|left\|Photo by Veronica Vitale/crowdusg.net. Digital and social technologies can enhance the participatory process and improve knowledge brokerage, leading to more inclusive and representative urban governance. It can also become another form of exclusion, however, if only the technologically literate have access to digital platforms.]]

	~~==Ways forward==~~


	==Links to projects==		==Links to projects==

Panagiota Kotsila: /* General introduction */

2020-09-03T12:04:40Z

General introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 3 September 2020
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	==General introduction==		==General introduction==

	To know of and about sustainable infrastructures (e.g. urban green areas, healthy food, or social innovation projects), including how they are governed, why they are beneficial, and how they can be accessed, can be in itself an enabling factor for their implementation, accessibility and benefit received (Trencher et al., 2013). When, on the other hand, knowledge production and communication is exclusive, it can become a driver of injustice by limiting the potential for participation, stewardship or uptake of innovations.		To know of and about sustainable infrastructures (e.g. urban green areas, healthy food, or social innovation projects), including how they are governed, why they are beneficial, and how they can be accessed, can be in itself an enabling factor for their implementation, accessibility and benefit received (Trencher et al., 2013<ref>Trencher, G., Yarime, M., McCormick, K. B., Doll, C. N. H., & Kraines, S. B. (2013). Beyond the third mission: Exploring the emerging university function of co-creation for sustainability. Science and Public Policy, 41(2), 151–179. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/sct044</ref>). When, on the other hand, knowledge production and communication is exclusive, it can become a driver of injustice by limiting the potential for participation, stewardship or uptake of innovations.

	Effective, inclusive and socially considerate knowledge brokerage can enhance the justice aspect of urban sustainability interventions, especially when it includes and brings benefits to under-privileged and vulnerable groups (Partidario & Sheate, 2013<ref>Partidario, M. R., & Sheate, W. R. (2013). Knowledge brokerage-potential for increased capacities and shared power in impact assessment. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 39, 26–36.</ref>; van der Velden, 2004<ref>van der Velden, M. (2004). From Communities of Practice to Communities of Resistance: Civil society and cognitive justice. Development, 47(1), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100004</ref>). By knowledge brokerage here we refer to the processes that include facilitating knowledge exchange or sharing between and among various stakeholders, including researchers, practitioners, and policy makers.		Effective, inclusive and socially considerate knowledge brokerage can enhance the justice aspect of urban sustainability interventions, especially when it includes and brings benefits to under-privileged and vulnerable groups (Partidario & Sheate, 2013<ref>Partidario, M. R., & Sheate, W. R. (2013). Knowledge brokerage-potential for increased capacities and shared power in impact assessment. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 39, 26–36.</ref>; van der Velden, 2004<ref>van der Velden, M. (2004). From Communities of Practice to Communities of Resistance: Civil society and cognitive justice. Development, 47(1), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100004</ref>). By knowledge brokerage here we refer to the processes that include facilitating knowledge exchange or sharing between and among various stakeholders, including researchers, practitioners, and policy makers.

Panagiota Kotsila at 11:49, 3 September 2020

2020-09-03T11:49:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:49, 3 September 2020
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	"Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities" as a driver of injustice refers to the ways in which (access to) useful information and know-how around sustainable urban interventions and their benefits is not shared effectively or equally among ~~disciplines~~, sectors or ~~social groups,~~ and thus constrain the potential for both sustainability and justice.		"Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities" as a driver of injustice refers to the ways in which (access to) useful information and know-how around sustainable urban interventions, and their benefits, is not shared effectively or equally among social groups, sectors or disciplines and thus constrain the potential for both sustainability and justice.

	==General introduction==		==General introduction==

	Effective, inclusive and socially considerate knowledge brokerage can enhance the justice aspect of urban sustainability interventions, especially when it includes and brings benefits to under-privileged and vulnerable groups (Partidario & Sheate, 2013; van der Velden, 2004). To know of and about sustainable infrastructures (e.g. urban green areas, healthy food, or social innovation projects), including how they are governed, why they are beneficial, and how they can be accessed, can be in itself an enabling factor for their implementation, accessibility and benefit received (Trencher et al., 2013). When, on the other hand, knowledge production and communication is exclusive, it can become a driver of injustice by limiting the potential for participation, stewardship or uptake of innovations.		To know of and about sustainable infrastructures (e.g. urban green areas, healthy food, or social innovation projects), including how they are governed, why they are beneficial, and how they can be accessed, can be in itself an enabling factor for their implementation, accessibility and benefit received (Trencher et al., 2013). When, on the other hand, knowledge production and communication is exclusive, it can become a driver of injustice by limiting the potential for participation, stewardship or uptake of innovations.

			Effective, inclusive and socially considerate knowledge brokerage can enhance the justice aspect of urban sustainability interventions, especially when it includes and brings benefits to under-privileged and vulnerable groups (Partidario & Sheate, 2013<ref>Partidario, M. R., & Sheate, W. R. (2013). Knowledge brokerage-potential for increased capacities and shared power in impact assessment. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 39, 26–36.</ref>; van der Velden, 2004<ref>van der Velden, M. (2004). From Communities of Practice to Communities of Resistance: Civil society and cognitive justice. Development, 47(1), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100004</ref>). By knowledge brokerage here we refer to the processes that include facilitating knowledge exchange or sharing between and among various stakeholders, including researchers, practitioners, and policy makers.

	[[File:8-Lack-Of-Effective-Knowledge-Brokerage.jpg\|600px]]		[[File:8-Lack-Of-Effective-Knowledge-Brokerage.jpg\|600px]]
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	==Manifestations and types of injustice==		==Manifestations and types of injustice==

	Access to knowledge can be seen as a distributive justice concern that in turn impacts procedural justice, given that environmental and sustainability awareness and education will presumably animate more informed and meaningful, and thus more inclusive, participation. The extent to which people not only access, but also internalize the innovations being undertaken can to a great extent determine the benefits perceived. In Ljubljana, for example, it was found that farmers had low awareness of existing food-related producers’ networks, and little overall knowledge of better practices to reach the consuming public. This was seen to be both hampering the producers’ potential of surviving financially against industrialized agricultural businesses and limiting the availability of fresh food locally produced for consumers (Wascher et al., 2015).		Access to knowledge can be seen as a distributive justice concern that in turn impacts procedural justice, given that environmental and sustainability awareness and education will presumably animate more informed and meaningful, and thus more inclusive, participation. The extent to which people not only access, but also internalize the innovations being undertaken can to a great extent determine the benefits perceived. In Ljubljana, for example, it was found that farmers had low awareness of existing food-related producers’ networks, and little overall knowledge of better practices to reach the consuming public. This was seen to be both hampering the producers’ potential of surviving financially against industrialized agricultural businesses and limiting the availability of fresh food locally produced for consumers (Wascher et al., 2015<ref>Wascher, D., Kneafsey, M., Pintar, M., & Piorr, A. (2015). FOODMETRES: Food planning and innovation for sustainabile metropolitan regions Synthesis Report 2015. FOODMETRES.</ref>).

	In a wider sense, a lack of environmental awareness/education that might stem from lack of adequate information campaigns or lack of policy that would popularize sustainability-oriented initiatives, can further hinder the development of inclusive innovation in cities (e.g. nature-based solutions, or energy transitions) (Nature4Cities, 2018a, 2018b; Valkenburg & Cotella, 2016). Exclusivity of access in relation to urban sustainability and its benefits can also be the result of miscommunication, or obstacles in collaboration and knowledge brokerage, between the scientific community and civil society – including activists, NGOs and the wider public. Difficult terminology, unwelcoming communication platforms, and a lack of “translating” insights to useful materials for policy-makers, practitioners or citizens can hinder the uptake of innovations (Morrow, 2019). If relying on digital means, for example, a gap could arise between those with access to technological literacy on digital technologies, and those without.		In a wider sense, a lack of environmental awareness/education that might stem from lack of adequate information campaigns or lack of policy that would popularize sustainability-oriented initiatives, can further hinder the development of inclusive innovation in cities (e.g. nature-based solutions, or energy transitions) (Nature4Cities, 2018a, 2018b <ref>Nature4Cities. (2018a). D2.1 –System of integrated multi-scale and multi-thematic performance indicators for the assessment of urban challenges and NBS. Horizon 2020 grand agreement No 730468.</ref>, <ref>Nature4Cities. (2018b). D5.2 Citizen and Stakeholder Engagementstrategies and tools for NBS Implementation. Horizon 2020 grand agreement No 730468.</ref>; Valkenburg & Cotella, 2016<ref>Valkenburg, G., & Cotella, G. (2016). Governance of energy transitions: about inclusion and closure in complex sociotechnical problems. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 6(20). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-016-0086-8</ref>). Exclusivity of access in relation to urban sustainability and its benefits can also be the result of miscommunication, or obstacles in collaboration and knowledge brokerage, between the scientific community and civil society – including activists, NGOs and the wider public. Difficult terminology, unwelcoming communication platforms, and a lack of “translating” insights to useful materials for policy-makers, practitioners or citizens can hinder the uptake of innovations (Morrow, 2019<ref>Morrow, O. (2019). Sharing food and risk in Berlin’s urban food commons. Geoforum, 99, 202–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.09.003</ref>). If relying on digital means, for example, a gap could arise between those with access to technological literacy on digital technologies, and those without.

	In short, knowledge brokerage is related to justice in urban sustainability because those who can best leverage knowledge produced or required to make sustainability transitions happen are those best positioned to benefit from them.		In short, knowledge brokerage is related to justice in urban sustainability because those who can best leverage knowledge produced or required to make sustainability transitions happen are those best positioned to benefit from them.
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	The city of Ghent, Belgium, is committed to achieving urban sustainability (e.g. making the city’s food system more local, sustainable, and resilient through their project ‘Gent en Garde’; and having the largest designated cyclist area in Europe). The city has dedicated a department to increasing citizen participation. Their strategy includes the use of technology-based tools and face-to-face processes, as those tools are meant to give access to urban governance decision-making to as many people as possible. However, a too heavy a reliance on digital participation can neglect certain populations, such as those who do not have access to or knowledge of digital platforms or simply those who don’t have access to smart phones or tablets with reliable and ample data plans.		The city of Ghent, Belgium, is committed to achieving urban sustainability (e.g. making the city’s food system more local, sustainable, and resilient through their project ‘Gent en Garde’; and having the largest designated cyclist area in Europe). The city has dedicated a department to increasing citizen participation. Their strategy includes the use of technology-based tools and face-to-face processes, as those tools are meant to give access to urban governance decision-making to as many people as possible. However, a too heavy a reliance on digital participation can neglect certain populations, such as those who do not have access to or knowledge of digital platforms or simply those who don’t have access to smart phones or tablets with reliable and ample data plans.

	While a ‘smart city’ approach is often connected to sustainability and innovation, there is a need for policies, including participation tools, to be relevant in the everyday lives of its inhabitants, how they experience the city, and what they need from and in the city and its assets or resources. While it can be difficult to achieve inclusive stakeholder involvement within normative decision-making procedures, doing so can promote justice and the long-term success of sustainability goals.		While a ‘smart city’ approach is often connected to sustainability and innovation, there is a need for policies, including participation tools, to be relevant in the everyday lives of its inhabitants, how they experience the city, and what they need from and in the city and its assets or resources. While it can be difficult to achieve inclusive stakeholder involvement within normative decision-making procedures, doing so can promote justice and the long-term success of sustainability goals.

	“We have a smart city imaginary but it is very different from what happens at the local levels because organizations and administrators need to deal with a number of problems that have to do with participation, the meaning of participation (it can be also non-leading to greater democracy) and the issue of access and opportunities.”		“We have a smart city imaginary but it is very different from what happens at the local levels because organizations and administrators need to deal with a number of problems that have to do with participation, the meaning of participation (it can be also non-leading to greater democracy) and the issue of access and opportunities.”
	[~~Source~~: (Certomà et al., 2020), CROWD_USG project]
			[Sources: (Certomà et al., 2020<ref>Certomà, C., & Martellozzo, F. (2019). Cultivating urban justice? A spatial exploration of urban gardening crossing spatial and environmental injustice conditions. Applied Geography, 106(3), 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2019.03.007</ref>), CROWD_USG project-personal communication]


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	This driver links to the following research projects: FOODMETERS NATURE FOR CITIES; CLEVER CITIES, MILESECURE, SEISMIC, SHARECITY		This driver links to the following research projects: FOODMETERS NATURE FOR CITIES; CLEVER CITIES, MILESECURE, SEISMIC, SHARECITY


	==References==		==References==

Panagiota Kotsila at 11:34, 3 September 2020

2020-09-03T11:34:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:34, 3 September 2020
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	[[File:xx.png\|400px\|thumb\|left\|Photo by Veronica Vitale/crowdusg.net. Digital and social technologies can enhance the participatory process and improve knowledge brokerage, leading to more inclusive and representative urban governance. It can also become another form of exclusion, however, if only the technologically literate have access to digital platforms.]]		[[File:Crowd usg.png\|400px\|thumb\|left\|Photo by Veronica Vitale/crowdusg.net. Digital and social technologies can enhance the participatory process and improve knowledge brokerage, leading to more inclusive and representative urban governance. It can also become another form of exclusion, however, if only the technologically literate have access to digital platforms.]]

	==Ways forward==		==Ways forward==

Panagiota Kotsila at 11:32, 3 September 2020

2020-09-03T11:32:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:32, 3 September 2020
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	"Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities" as a driver of injustice refers to		"Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities" as a driver of injustice refers to the ways in which (access to) useful information and know-how around sustainable urban interventions and their benefits is not shared effectively or equally among disciplines, sectors or social groups, and thus constrain the potential for both sustainability and justice.

	==General introduction==		==General introduction==

			Effective, inclusive and socially considerate knowledge brokerage can enhance the justice aspect of urban sustainability interventions, especially when it includes and brings benefits to under-privileged and vulnerable groups (Partidario & Sheate, 2013; van der Velden, 2004). To know of and about sustainable infrastructures (e.g. urban green areas, healthy food, or social innovation projects), including how they are governed, why they are beneficial, and how they can be accessed, can be in itself an enabling factor for their implementation, accessibility and benefit received (Trencher et al., 2013). When, on the other hand, knowledge production and communication is exclusive, it can become a driver of injustice by limiting the potential for participation, stewardship or uptake of innovations.

	[[File:8-Lack-Of-Effective-Knowledge-Brokerage.jpg\|600px]]		[[File:8-Lack-Of-Effective-Knowledge-Brokerage.jpg\|600px]]

			==Manifestations and types of injustice==

			Access to knowledge can be seen as a distributive justice concern that in turn impacts procedural justice, given that environmental and sustainability awareness and education will presumably animate more informed and meaningful, and thus more inclusive, participation. The extent to which people not only access, but also internalize the innovations being undertaken can to a great extent determine the benefits perceived. In Ljubljana, for example, it was found that farmers had low awareness of existing food-related producers’ networks, and little overall knowledge of better practices to reach the consuming public. This was seen to be both hampering the producers’ potential of surviving financially against industrialized agricultural businesses and limiting the availability of fresh food locally produced for consumers (Wascher et al., 2015).

	~~==Manifestations~~ and ~~types~~ of ~~injustice==~~		In a wider sense, a lack of environmental awareness/education that might stem from lack of adequate information campaigns or lack of policy that would popularize sustainability-oriented initiatives, can further hinder the development of inclusive innovation in cities (e.g. nature-based solutions, or energy transitions) (Nature4Cities, 2018a, 2018b; Valkenburg & Cotella, 2016). Exclusivity of access in relation to urban sustainability and its benefits can also be the result of miscommunication, or obstacles in collaboration and knowledge brokerage, between the scientific community and civil society – including activists, NGOs and the wider public. Difficult terminology, unwelcoming communication platforms, and a lack of “translating” insights to useful materials for policy-makers, practitioners or citizens can hinder the uptake of innovations (Morrow, 2019). If relying on digital means, for example, a gap could arise between those with access to technological literacy on digital technologies, and those without.

			In short, knowledge brokerage is related to justice in urban sustainability because those who can best leverage knowledge produced or required to make sustainability transitions happen are those best positioned to benefit from them.

	{{#ev:youtube\|4emPrKoUKYo}}		{{#ev:youtube\|4emPrKoUKYo}}


	==Illustration==		==Illustration==

			*<b>Crowdsourcing for urban governance in Ghent, Belgium</b>

			The city of Ghent, Belgium, is committed to achieving urban sustainability (e.g. making the city’s food system more local, sustainable, and resilient through their project ‘Gent en Garde’; and having the largest designated cyclist area in Europe). The city has dedicated a department to increasing citizen participation. Their strategy includes the use of technology-based tools and face-to-face processes, as those tools are meant to give access to urban governance decision-making to as many people as possible. However, a too heavy a reliance on digital participation can neglect certain populations, such as those who do not have access to or knowledge of digital platforms or simply those who don’t have access to smart phones or tablets with reliable and ample data plans.

	~~[Source: NATURVATION [https://naturvation~~.~~eu/]~~ and ~~GREENLULUS~~ [~~http~~:~~//www.bcnuej.org/projects/greenlulus/] projects; including personal communication~~.]		While a ‘smart city’ approach is often connected to sustainability and innovation, there is a need for policies, including participation tools, to be relevant in the everyday lives of its inhabitants, how they experience the city, and what they need from and in the city and its assets or resources. While it can be difficult to achieve inclusive stakeholder involvement within normative decision-making procedures, doing so can promote justice and the long-term success of sustainability goals.
			“We have a smart city imaginary but it is very different from what happens at the local levels because organizations and administrators need to deal with a number of problems that have to do with participation, the meaning of participation (it can be also non-leading to greater democracy) and the issue of access and opportunities.”
			[Source: (Certomà et al., 2020), CROWD_USG project]

	~~[[File:~~

			[[File:xx.png\|400px\|thumb\|left\|Photo by Veronica Vitale/crowdusg.net. Digital and social technologies can enhance the participatory process and improve knowledge brokerage, leading to more inclusive and representative urban governance. It can also become another form of exclusion, however, if only the technologically literate have access to digital platforms.]]

	==Ways forward==		==Ways forward==
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	==Links to projects==		==Links to projects==

	This driver links to the following research projects:		This driver links to the following research projects: FOODMETERS NATURE FOR CITIES; CLEVER CITIES, MILESECURE, SEISMIC, SHARECITY






			==References==



	[[Category:Drivers]]		[[Category:Drivers]]

Panagiota Kotsila at 15:56, 28 August 2020

2020-08-28T15:56:46Z

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 {{#ev:youtube|4emPrKoUKYo}}
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Tom.henfrey: added video link and category tag

2020-06-02T16:46:04Z

added video link and category tag

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			{{#ev:youtube\|4emPrKoUKYo}}
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Tom.henfrey at 15:21, 2 June 2020

2020-06-02T15:21:45Z

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	[[File:7-~~Limited~~-~~Citizen~~-~~Participation~~.jpg\|600px]]		[[File:8-Lack-Of-Effective-Knowledge-Brokerage.jpg\|600px]]