Crowdsourcing - Revision history

Anna Bruen: edited for grammar and clarity

2020-04-16T15:46:03Z

edited for grammar and clarity

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:46, 16 April 2020
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	This page is part of an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database, which collects relevant approaches that can be used by city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. It is based mainly on knowledge generated in EU-funded projects and touches on fast changing fields. As such, this page makes no claims of authoritative completeness and welcomes your suggestions.		This page is part of an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database, which collects relevant approaches that can be used by city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. It is based mainly on knowledge generated in EU-funded projects and touches on fast changing fields. As such, this page makes no claims of authoritative completeness and welcomes your suggestions.

	==General introduction to approach==		==General introduction to approach==

	Crowdsourcing ~~might involve gathering data from engaged~~ people, ~~might~~ be ~~based on data gathered from sensors, or might be based on a combination~~ of ~~the two. Furthermore, crowdsourcing might involve quite closed or limited responses (e.g. voting~~ on ~~a list) or be relatively open (e~~.~~g. allowing for user generated categories or suggestions). For example, residents~~ might be ~~asked~~ to ~~i) vote on which local park or other green space they think is most~~ in ~~need of renovation; ii) then suggest~~ and ~~discuss possible new designs or features of the park~~, ~~before; iii) voting again on~~ a ~~list of final suggestions~~.		Crowdsourcing is one way to solve complex problems by pooling the skills and resources of large numbers of people. If a specific project has many component parts, then it can be divided up and tasked to different groups of people who are able to work on different elements simultaneously. Groups involved in creating sustainable and just cities might be drawn to using crowdsourcing as an approach because, if introduced early in the process and designed in an open complex-embracing manner, it not only allows citizens to have their say within a pre-existing discussion in a passive manner, but can also allow citizens to shape the discussion topics about their cities and environment.

	Crowdsourcing ~~is one way in which complex problems~~ can ~~be solved by pooling~~ the ~~skills and resources of large numbers of people~~. If a ~~particular project has many component parts, then it can~~ be ~~divided up with different groups of people tasked with working on the different elements~~. ~~Groups involved in creating sustainable and just cities~~ might be ~~drawn~~ to ~~using crowdsourcing as an approach because, if introduced early~~ in the ~~process and designed in an open complex-embracing manner~~, ~~it not only allows citizens to have their say within~~ a ~~pre-existing discussion in a rather passive manner, but can also allow citizens to shape the very grounds for discussion about their cities and environment~~. An example of a particularly open variant of crowdsourcing is the platform OpenIDEO, set up to help tackle the challenges faced by Detroit, USA. OpenIDEO works by issuing a ‘challenge’, which kickstarts a multi-step process: individuals submit ideas, these are grouped under themes, which then go through concept development (which may include combining themes or ideas), these fleshed out concepts are then voted on, refined, evaluated and then finally chosen.		Crowdsourcing can involve gathering data from engaged people, gathering data from sensors, or a combination of the two. Crowdsourcing can involve closed or limited responses (e.g. voting on a list) or be relatively open (e.g. allowing for user generated categories or suggestions). For example, residents might be asked to 1) vote on which local park or other green space they think is most in need of renovation; 2) then suggest and discuss possible new designs or features of the park, before; 3) voting again on a list of final suggestions.

			An example of a particularly open variant of crowdsourcing is the platform OpenIDEO, set up to help tackle the challenges faced by Detroit, USA. OpenIDEO works by issuing a ‘challenge’, which kickstarts a multi-step process: individuals submit ideas, these are grouped under themes, which then go through concept development (which may include combining themes or ideas), these fleshed out concepts are then voted on, refined, evaluated and then finally chosen.

	There are multiple examples of different realisations of crowdsourcing projects, including: Collideoscope<ref>https://www.collideoscope.org.uk/</ref> which utilizes participant generated data on collisions to make cycling safer in Europe. Stereopublic <ref>https://www.wired.com/2013/11/stereopublic-an-app-to-help-you-find-peace-and-quiet/</ref>, a crowdsourced app that helps people find quiet spots in cities; EveryAware<ref>http://www.everyaware.eu</ref> a project that combined data sensors and active user-generated content to help improve the environment through monitoring, awareness and finally behavioural change in different European cities; Cities4People<ref>https://cities4people.eu/citizen-mobility-kit/</ref> which uses ‘citizen mobility kits’ as participative tools for designing mobility innovations in different European cities; and COBWEB<ref>https://cobwebproject.eu</ref>, Citizen OBservatory WEB, a project in which everyday people collected environmental information via mobile phones for research, decision making and policy formation in Dyfi Biosphere Reserve area in mid-Wales.		There are multiple examples of different realisations of crowdsourcing projects, including: Collideoscope<ref>https://www.collideoscope.org.uk/</ref> which utilizes participant generated data on collisions to make cycling safer in Europe. Stereopublic <ref>https://www.wired.com/2013/11/stereopublic-an-app-to-help-you-find-peace-and-quiet/</ref>, a crowdsourced app that helps people find quiet spots in cities; EveryAware<ref>http://www.everyaware.eu</ref> a project that combined data sensors and active user-generated content to help improve the environment through monitoring, awareness and finally behavioural change in different European cities; Cities4People<ref>https://cities4people.eu/citizen-mobility-kit/</ref> which uses ‘citizen mobility kits’ as participative tools for designing mobility innovations in different European cities; and COBWEB<ref>https://cobwebproject.eu</ref>, Citizen OBservatory WEB, a project in which everyday people collected environmental information via mobile phones for research, decision making and policy formation in Dyfi Biosphere Reserve area in mid-Wales.
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	==Narrative of change==		==Narrative of change==
	Crowdsourcing uses internet communication technologies to tackle the problem of minimal or non-existing participation in decision making or ~~challenge~~ solving. It relies on the premise that if many people put their heads together they can find solutions that an individual or small group of people cannot and, moreover, might even identify new challenges or problems that otherwise might not have been considered. A positive consequence of bringing together people to solve a challenge is that it can create new communities of collaborators who ~~make~~ work together in the future. See also [[Democratic innovation through recognition]].		Crowdsourcing uses internet communication technologies to tackle the problem of minimal or non-existing participation in decision making and/or problem solving. It relies on the premise that if many people put their heads together they can find solutions that an individual or small group of people cannot and, moreover, might even identify new challenges or problems that otherwise might not have been considered. A positive consequence of bringing together people to solve a challenge is that it can create new communities of collaborators who may work together in the future. See also [[Democratic innovation through recognition]].

	==Transformative potential==		==Transformative potential==

Karlijn Schipper: /* Narrative of change */

2020-01-17T10:57:48Z

Narrative of change

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	==Narrative of change==		==Narrative of change==
	Crowdsourcing uses internet communication technologies to tackle the problem of minimal or non-existing participation in decision making or challenge solving. It relies on the premise that if many people put their heads together they can find solutions that an individual or small group of people cannot and, moreover, might even identify new challenges or problems that otherwise might not have been considered. A positive consequence of bringing together people to solve a challenge is that it can create new communities of collaborators who make work together in the future.		Crowdsourcing uses internet communication technologies to tackle the problem of minimal or non-existing participation in decision making or challenge solving. It relies on the premise that if many people put their heads together they can find solutions that an individual or small group of people cannot and, moreover, might even identify new challenges or problems that otherwise might not have been considered. A positive consequence of bringing together people to solve a challenge is that it can create new communities of collaborators who make work together in the future. See also [[Democratic innovation through recognition]].

	==Transformative potential==		==Transformative potential==

Lin at 23:33, 23 November 2019

2019-11-23T23:33:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:33, 24 November 2019
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	==Transformative potential==		==Transformative potential==
	Crowdsourcing contains the same seeds of transformative potential and obvious shortcomings as other participatory approaches - it depends very much on how processes are designed, who is included in process, when crowdsourcing is used within a project or initiative timeframe, and if genuinely radical or transformative ideas are allowed or will be dismissed. Beyond mere participation, and as explored as part of the CROWD_USG project, transformative uses of crowdsourcing might need to include space for both environmental and social issues; an awareness of equality; high degrees of transparency throughout the process; genuine collaboration and cooperation between between different actors as individuals, groups or institutions; and an ability to adapt a challenge in light of the crowdsourcing process, when it throws up new ideas or issues. Crowdsourcing contains the same seeds of transformative potential and obvious shortcomings as other participatory approaches - it depends very much on how processes are designed, who is included in process, when crowdsourcing is used within a project or initiative timeframe, and if genuinely radical or transformative ideas are allowed or will be dismissed. Beyond mere participation, and as explored as part of the CROWD_USG project<ref>https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/209171/en</ref>, transformative uses of crowdsourcing might need to include space for both environmental and social issues; an awareness of equality; high degrees of transparency throughout the process; genuine collaboration and cooperation between between different actors as individuals, groups or institutions; and an ability to adapt a challenge in light of the crowdsourcing process, when it throws up new ideas or issues. Without such considerations, it runs the risk of becoming a box ticking exercise where the glamour of using technology-enabled web platforms combines with empty gestures of participation to alter minor elements within wider projects, and thus justify and enable the upholding of existing power relations<ref>Certomà, Chiara, Filippo Corsini, and Francesco Rizzi. ‘Crowdsourcing Urban Sustainability. Data, People and Technologies in Participatory Governance’. Futures 74 (1 November 2015): 93–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2014.11.006</ref>. Without such considerations, it runs the risk of becoming a box ticking exercise where the glamour of using technology enabled web platforms combines with empty gestures of participation to alter minor elements within wider projects, and thus justify and enable the upholding of existing power relations.		Crowdsourcing contains the same seeds of transformative potential and obvious shortcomings as other participatory approaches - it depends very much on how processes are designed, who is included in process, when crowdsourcing is used within a project or initiative timeframe, and if genuinely radical or transformative ideas are allowed or will be dismissed. Beyond mere participation, and as explored as part of the CROWD_USG project<ref>https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/209171/en</ref>, transformative uses of crowdsourcing might need to include space for both environmental and social issues; an awareness of equality; high degrees of transparency throughout the process; genuine collaboration and cooperation between between different actors as individuals, groups or institutions; and an ability to adapt a challenge in light of the crowdsourcing process, when it throws up new ideas or issues. Without such considerations, it runs the risk of becoming a box ticking exercise where the glamour of using technology-enabled web platforms combines with empty gestures of participation to alter minor elements within wider projects, and thus justify and enable the upholding of existing power relations<ref>Certomà, Chiara, Filippo Corsini, and Francesco Rizzi. ‘Crowdsourcing Urban Sustainability. Data, People and Technologies in Participatory Governance’. Futures 74 (1 November 2015): 93–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2014.11.006</ref>. Without such considerations, it runs the risk of becoming a box ticking exercise where the glamour of using technology enabled web platforms combines with empty gestures of participation to alter minor elements within wider projects, and thus justify and enable the upholding of existing power relations.

	==Illustrations of approaches==		==Illustrations of approaches==

Lin at 13:06, 15 November 2019

2019-11-15T13:06:24Z

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	[[Category: Crowdsourcing]]		[[Category: Crowdsourcing]]
	[[Category: Data collection]]		[[Category: Data collection]]
	~~[[Category: Democratic innovation through recognition]]~~
	[[Category: Experimentation labs]]		[[Category: Experimentation labs]]
	[[Category: Governance and participation processes]]		[[Category: Governance and participation processes]]

Lin at 09:07, 15 November 2019

2019-11-15T09:07:33Z

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	[[Category: Experimentation labs]]		[[Category: Experimentation labs]]
	[[Category: Governance and participation processes]]		[[Category: Governance and participation processes]]
			[[Category: OpenIDEO]]
			[[Category: Collideoscope]]
			[[Category: The Citizen Mobility Kit]]

Lin at 09:03, 15 November 2019

2019-11-15T09:03:09Z

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	<references />		<references />

			[[Category: Approaches]]
			[[Category: Crowdsourcing]]
	[[Category: Data collection]]		[[Category: Data collection]]
	[[Category: Democratic innovation through recognition]]		[[Category: Democratic innovation through recognition]]
	[[Category: Experimentation labs]]		[[Category: Experimentation labs]]
	[[Category: Governance and participation processes]]		[[Category: Governance and participation processes]]
	~~[[Category: Approaches]]~~

Karlijn Schipper at 08:56, 29 October 2019

2019-10-29T08:56:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:56, 29 October 2019
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	==Illustrations of approaches==		==Illustrations of approaches==
	The Citizen Mobility Kit<ref>https://cities4people.eu/citizen-mobility-kit/</ref> is a collection of methods and tools designed to find solutions to urban mobility challenges. It is meant to be used in different ways depending upon a local community’s needs. It might include a guide on how to enable information sharing or collective approaches, feedback mechanisms that work in real time (e.g. collecting data and evaluating it), collections of existing solutions to mobility issues and so on. Five different tool kits are currently being used within pilot projects as part of the Cities4People project in Oxfordshire, Hamburg, Budapest, Trikala and Istanbul.		'''The Citizen Mobility Kit'''<ref>https://cities4people.eu/citizen-mobility-kit/</ref> is a collection of methods and tools designed to find solutions to urban mobility challenges. It is meant to be used in different ways depending upon a local community’s needs. It might include a guide on how to enable information sharing or collective approaches, feedback mechanisms that work in real time (e.g. collecting data and evaluating it), collections of existing solutions to mobility issues and so on. Five different tool kits are currently being used within pilot projects as part of the Cities4People project in Oxfordshire, Hamburg, Budapest, Trikala and Istanbul.

			'''PPGIS''' (public participation geographic information system) is about utilizing and creating maps and other visual or spatial tools in a way that changes people's awareness and geographic involvement. Geographic technology is thus harnessed to increase participaction. It is being used as part of Helsinki’s master planning. As Timo Ruohomäki, an engineer working as a project manager of mySMARTLife<ref>https://www.mysmartlife.eu/mysmartlife/</ref> at Forum Virium Helsinki, puts it “[More than just] sticking a pin on a map… PPGIS [Public Participation Geographical Information System] it is about understanding how people see their neighbourhood and what they have to improve...”
	PPGIS (public participation geographic information system) is about utilizing and creating maps and other visual or spatial tools in a way that changes people's awareness and geographic involvement. Geographic technology is thus harnessed to increase participaction. It is being used as part of Helsinki’s master planning. As Timo Ruohomäki, an engineer working as a project manager of mySMARTLife<ref>https://www.mysmartlife.eu/mysmartlife/</ref> at Forum Virium Helsinki, puts it “[More than just] sticking a pin on a map… PPGIS [Public Participation Geographical Information System] it is about understanding how people see their neighbourhood and what they have to improve...”

	==References==		==References==

Karlijn Schipper at 08:56, 29 October 2019

2019-10-29T08:56:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:56, 29 October 2019
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	PPGIS (public participation geographic information system) is about utilizing and creating maps and other visual or spatial tools in a way that changes people's awareness and geographic involvement. Geographic technology is thus harnessed to increase participaction. It is being used as part of Helsinki’s master planning. As Timo Ruohomäki, an engineer working as a project manager of mySMARTLife<ref>https://www.mysmartlife.eu/mysmartlife/</ref> at Forum Virium Helsinki, puts it “[More than just] sticking a pin on a map… PPGIS [Public Participation Geographical Information System] it is about understanding how people see their neighbourhood and what they have to improve...”		PPGIS (public participation geographic information system) is about utilizing and creating maps and other visual or spatial tools in a way that changes people's awareness and geographic involvement. Geographic technology is thus harnessed to increase participaction. It is being used as part of Helsinki’s master planning. As Timo Ruohomäki, an engineer working as a project manager of mySMARTLife<ref>https://www.mysmartlife.eu/mysmartlife/</ref> at Forum Virium Helsinki, puts it “[More than just] sticking a pin on a map… PPGIS [Public Participation Geographical Information System] it is about understanding how people see their neighbourhood and what they have to improve...”

	~~==Links to other approaches==~~


	~~[[Data Collection]]~~

	~~[[Democratic innovation through recognition]]~~

	~~[[Experimentation labs]]~~

	~~[[Governance and participation processes]]~~



	==References==		==References==
	<references />		<references />

	[[Category: ~~Clusters of approaches~~]]		[[Category: Data collection]]
			[[Category: Democratic innovation through recognition]]
			[[Category: Experimentation labs]]
			[[Category: Governance and participation processes]]
	[[Category: Approaches]]		[[Category: Approaches]]

Ian Cook at 12:42, 18 October 2019

2019-10-18T12:42:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:42, 18 October 2019
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	Crowdsourcing is a participatory online activity in which participants voluntarily undertake a task in response to a call or request from a state institution, group, company, individual or non-governmental organisation or other group.		Crowdsourcing is a participatory online activity in which participants voluntarily undertake a task in response to a call or request from a state institution, group, company, individual or non-governmental organisation or other group.

			This page is part of an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database, which collects relevant approaches that can be used by city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. It is based mainly on knowledge generated in EU-funded projects and touches on fast changing fields. As such, this page makes no claims of authoritative completeness and welcomes your suggestions.

	==General introduction to approach==		==General introduction to approach==

Ian Cook at 14:57, 10 October 2019

2019-10-10T14:57:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:57, 10 October 2019
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	[[Experimentation labs]]		[[Experimentation labs]]

			[[Governance and participation processes]]