Community gardens and food - Revision history

Duncan Crowley at 12:05, 7 August 2020

2020-08-07T12:05:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:05, 7 August 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
	With modern cities taking up only three percent of the world’s land surface, their ecological footprints actually cover the entire globe. In recent decades urban solutions are moving from Sustainable Cities to Regenerative Cities<ref>Herbert Girardet (2014): Creating Regenerative Cities https://www.routledge.com/Creating-Regenerative-Cities/Girardet/p/book/9780415724463</ref>. A factor in this shift seeks to reduce energy use in food transport by increasing urban agriculture, thereby cutting fossil fuel dependance and misuse while building community resilience.<ref>Megan Quinn (2006) The power of community: How Cuba survived peak oil https://www.resilience.org/stories/2006-02-25/power-community-how-cuba-survived-peak-oil/</ref>		With modern cities taking up only three percent of the world’s land surface, their ecological footprints actually cover the entire globe. In recent decades urban solutions are moving from Sustainable Cities to Regenerative Cities<ref>Herbert Girardet; World Future Council; (2010). Regenerative Cities. Written for the World Future Council and HafenCity University Hamburg (HCU) Commission on Cities and Climate Change https://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/regenerative-cities/ </ref><ref>Herbert Girardet (2014): Creating Regenerative Cities https://www.routledge.com/Creating-Regenerative-Cities/Girardet/p/book/9780415724463</ref><ref>Daniel Wahl & Marilyn Hamilton (2020): Integral Cities & Bioregional Regeneration. reGeneration Rising: Conversations about regenerative practice (Episode 3) https://medium.com/activate-the-future/integral-cities-bioregional-regeneration-c27d0ff1283e </ref>. A factor in this shift seeks to reduce energy use in food transport by increasing urban agriculture, thereby cutting fossil fuel dependance and misuse while building community resilience.<ref>Megan Quinn (2006) The power of community: How Cuba survived peak oil https://www.resilience.org/stories/2006-02-25/power-community-how-cuba-survived-peak-oil/</ref>

	This page is part of an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database, which collects relevant approaches that can be used by city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. It is based mainly on knowledge generated in EU-funded projects and touches on fast changing fields. As such, this page makes no claims of authoritative completeness and welcomes your suggestions.		This page is part of an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database, which collects relevant approaches that can be used by city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. It is based mainly on knowledge generated in EU-funded projects and touches on fast changing fields. As such, this page makes no claims of authoritative completeness and welcomes your suggestions.

Tom.henfrey: /* Shapes, sizes and applications */ added link to edicitnet website

2020-04-06T16:07:25Z

Shapes, sizes and applications: added link to edicitnet website

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:07, 6 April 2020
Line 9:		Line 9:
	==Shapes, sizes and applications==		==Shapes, sizes and applications==

	EdiCitNet<ref>https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/216082/factsheet/en</ref> ~~is the Edible Cities Network Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities and has just started in 2018, expected to run until 2023.~~ EdiCitNet focuses around Edible City Solutions (ECS), including different forms of urban farming combined with closed loop systems for sustainable water, nutrient, and waste management<ref>Säumel, Ina; Reddy, Suhana E; & Wachtel, Thomas: Edible City Solutions—One Step Further to Foster Social Resilience through Enhanced Socio-Cultural Ecosystem Services in Cities. Published in Sustainability, February 2019 https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i4p972-d205771.html</ref>. It examined case studies in Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Andernach (Germany), Oslo (Norway), Heidelberg (Germany), and Havana (Cuba), and found that while the implementation of [[Nature-based solutions]] (NBS)has increased in the last decade, they have not been able to significantly increase social cohesion as they mostly invite users to ‘stay and use’ passively but not to become actively involved on-site, in an ongoing fashion. According to findings from the EdiCitNet, around the world and across all socioeconomic groups, cultural and generational differences ECS are booming and demonstrate a high potential for a participatory development of social cohesion.		EdiCitNet is the Edible Cities Network Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities<ref> https://www.edicitnet.com/ Accessed April 6th 2020.</ref>. It started in 2018, expected to run until 2023.<ref>https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/216082/factsheet/en</ref> EdiCitNet focuses around Edible City Solutions (ECS), including different forms of urban farming combined with closed loop systems for sustainable water, nutrient, and waste management<ref>Säumel, Ina; Reddy, Suhana E; & Wachtel, Thomas: Edible City Solutions—One Step Further to Foster Social Resilience through Enhanced Socio-Cultural Ecosystem Services in Cities. Published in Sustainability, February 2019 https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i4p972-d205771.html</ref>. It examined case studies in Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Andernach (Germany), Oslo (Norway), Heidelberg (Germany), and Havana (Cuba), and found that while the implementation of [[Nature-based solutions]] (NBS)has increased in the last decade, they have not been able to significantly increase social cohesion as they mostly invite users to ‘stay and use’ passively but not to become actively involved on-site, in an ongoing fashion. According to findings from the EdiCitNet, around the world and across all socioeconomic groups, cultural and generational differences ECS are booming and demonstrate a high potential for a participatory development of social cohesion.

	The ProGIreg<ref>http://www.progireg.eu/</ref> (Productive Green Infrastructure for post-industrial urban regeneration) project began in 2018 and is active in post-industrial urban areas that suffer from social and economic disadvantages, inequality and related crime and security problems. See also [[Regeneration of disused urban land]]. Its approach is based on the use of Living labs<ref>http://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php/Experimentation_labs</ref> with local communities in order to affect change using eight interconnected NBS based on food production. This Community-based urban farms and gardens<ref>ProGIreg NBS #3: Community-based urban farms and gardens approach http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/community-based-urban-farms-and-gardens/</ref> approach will turn unused urban land into productive community gardens, contributing to improved mental and physical health through exposure to nature and healthy sources of food and a community feeling. Additionally an aquaponics<ref>ProGIreg NBS #4: Aquaponics http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/aquaponics/</ref> approach will be tried in 4 cities. Aquaponics is a combination of raising fish (aquaculture) in tanks, together with soilless cultivation of plants (hydroponics) in a symbiotic environment, whereby the fish waste water provides the nutrients needed to feed the plants. This approach is easy to operate and ideal for promoting local food production in areas with contaminated or poor quality soil, and has the potential of creating green job opportunities.		The ProGIreg<ref>http://www.progireg.eu/</ref> (Productive Green Infrastructure for post-industrial urban regeneration) project began in 2018 and is active in post-industrial urban areas that suffer from social and economic disadvantages, inequality and related crime and security problems. See also [[Regeneration of disused urban land]]. Its approach is based on the use of Living labs<ref>http://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php/Experimentation_labs</ref> with local communities in order to affect change using eight interconnected NBS based on food production. This Community-based urban farms and gardens<ref>ProGIreg NBS #3: Community-based urban farms and gardens approach http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/community-based-urban-farms-and-gardens/</ref> approach will turn unused urban land into productive community gardens, contributing to improved mental and physical health through exposure to nature and healthy sources of food and a community feeling. Additionally an aquaponics<ref>ProGIreg NBS #4: Aquaponics http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/aquaponics/</ref> approach will be tried in 4 cities. Aquaponics is a combination of raising fish (aquaculture) in tanks, together with soilless cultivation of plants (hydroponics) in a symbiotic environment, whereby the fish waste water provides the nutrients needed to feed the plants. This approach is easy to operate and ideal for promoting local food production in areas with contaminated or poor quality soil, and has the potential of creating green job opportunities.

Tom.henfrey: /* Relation to UrbanA themes: Cities, sustainability, and justice */ removed inline citation

2020-04-06T16:05:25Z

Relation to UrbanA themes: Cities, sustainability, and justice: removed inline citation

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:05, 6 April 2020
Line 19:		Line 19:
	Urban gardens have come to symbolize a proximate and locally driven way of improving life in cities, not only in terms of food provision and greening but also as inclusive community hubs that promote sustainability. In all their diversity, urban gardens are not only responses from below to the socio-economic crisis and its associated precariousness, but have also increasingly become part of urban planning and policy.		Urban gardens have come to symbolize a proximate and locally driven way of improving life in cities, not only in terms of food provision and greening but also as inclusive community hubs that promote sustainability. In all their diversity, urban gardens are not only responses from below to the socio-economic crisis and its associated precariousness, but have also increasingly become part of urban planning and policy.

	Food justice activists defend urban agriculture as an important tool for urban food security and sovereignty ~~(Anguelovski, 2014)~~<ref>Anguelovski, Isabelle (2014) Alternative food provision conflicts in cities: Contesting food privilege, injustice, and whiteness in Jamaica Plain, Boston https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268693826_Alternative_food_provision_conflicts_in_cities_Contesting_food_privilege_injustice_and_whiteness_in_Jamaica_Plain_Boston</ref>, especially so in the context of food deserts and unhealthy foodscapes. Gardening work holds individual healing and other health benefits for socially vulnerable residents and can help them recover from trauma.		Food justice activists defend urban agriculture as an important tool for urban food security and sovereignty<ref>Anguelovski, Isabelle (2014) Alternative food provision conflicts in cities: Contesting food privilege, injustice, and whiteness in Jamaica Plain, Boston https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268693826_Alternative_food_provision_conflicts_in_cities_Contesting_food_privilege_injustice_and_whiteness_in_Jamaica_Plain_Boston</ref>, especially so in the context of food deserts and unhealthy foodscapes. Gardening work holds individual healing and other health benefits for socially vulnerable residents and can help them recover from trauma.

	Regarding sustainability issues, EdiCitNet´s ECS conceptional framework explores how urban farming combined with closed loop systems for sustainable water, nutrient, and waste management can create more resilient cities. Both ProGIreg and EdiCitNet explore many aspects of sustainability to a very deep degree, seeking to identify and improve areas in cities through NBS including: biodiversity, the carbon cycle, soil consumption and use of natural resources in urban environments, citizen involvement, education and empowerment. Citizen science and active citizen participation also include sustainable education and nature appreciation.		Regarding sustainability issues, EdiCitNet´s ECS conceptional framework explores how urban farming combined with closed loop systems for sustainable water, nutrient, and waste management can create more resilient cities. Both ProGIreg and EdiCitNet explore many aspects of sustainability to a very deep degree, seeking to identify and improve areas in cities through NBS including: biodiversity, the carbon cycle, soil consumption and use of natural resources in urban environments, citizen involvement, education and empowerment. Citizen science and active citizen participation also include sustainable education and nature appreciation.

Karlijn Schipper: /* Shapes, sizes and applications */

2020-01-17T10:07:32Z

Shapes, sizes and applications

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:07, 17 January 2020
Line 11:		Line 11:
	EdiCitNet<ref>https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/216082/factsheet/en</ref> is the Edible Cities Network Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities and has just started in 2018, expected to run until 2023. EdiCitNet focuses around Edible City Solutions (ECS), including different forms of urban farming combined with closed loop systems for sustainable water, nutrient, and waste management<ref>Säumel, Ina; Reddy, Suhana E; & Wachtel, Thomas: Edible City Solutions—One Step Further to Foster Social Resilience through Enhanced Socio-Cultural Ecosystem Services in Cities. Published in Sustainability, February 2019 https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i4p972-d205771.html</ref>. It examined case studies in Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Andernach (Germany), Oslo (Norway), Heidelberg (Germany), and Havana (Cuba), and found that while the implementation of [[Nature-based solutions]] (NBS)has increased in the last decade, they have not been able to significantly increase social cohesion as they mostly invite users to ‘stay and use’ passively but not to become actively involved on-site, in an ongoing fashion. According to findings from the EdiCitNet, around the world and across all socioeconomic groups, cultural and generational differences ECS are booming and demonstrate a high potential for a participatory development of social cohesion.		EdiCitNet<ref>https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/216082/factsheet/en</ref> is the Edible Cities Network Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities and has just started in 2018, expected to run until 2023. EdiCitNet focuses around Edible City Solutions (ECS), including different forms of urban farming combined with closed loop systems for sustainable water, nutrient, and waste management<ref>Säumel, Ina; Reddy, Suhana E; & Wachtel, Thomas: Edible City Solutions—One Step Further to Foster Social Resilience through Enhanced Socio-Cultural Ecosystem Services in Cities. Published in Sustainability, February 2019 https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i4p972-d205771.html</ref>. It examined case studies in Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Andernach (Germany), Oslo (Norway), Heidelberg (Germany), and Havana (Cuba), and found that while the implementation of [[Nature-based solutions]] (NBS)has increased in the last decade, they have not been able to significantly increase social cohesion as they mostly invite users to ‘stay and use’ passively but not to become actively involved on-site, in an ongoing fashion. According to findings from the EdiCitNet, around the world and across all socioeconomic groups, cultural and generational differences ECS are booming and demonstrate a high potential for a participatory development of social cohesion.

	The ProGIreg<ref>http://www.progireg.eu/</ref> (Productive Green Infrastructure for post-industrial urban regeneration) project began in 2018 and is active in post-industrial urban areas that suffer from social and economic disadvantages, inequality and related crime and security problems. Its approach is based on the use of Living labs<ref>http://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php/Experimentation_labs</ref> with local communities in order to affect change using eight interconnected NBS based on food production. This Community-based urban farms and gardens<ref>ProGIreg NBS #3: Community-based urban farms and gardens approach http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/community-based-urban-farms-and-gardens/</ref> approach will turn unused urban land into productive community gardens, contributing to improved mental and physical health through exposure to nature and healthy sources of food and a community feeling. Additionally an aquaponics<ref>ProGIreg NBS #4: Aquaponics http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/aquaponics/</ref> approach will be tried in 4 cities. Aquaponics is a combination of raising fish (aquaculture) in tanks, together with soilless cultivation of plants (hydroponics) in a symbiotic environment, whereby the fish waste water provides the nutrients needed to feed the plants. This approach is easy to operate and ideal for promoting local food production in areas with contaminated or poor quality soil, and has the potential of creating green job opportunities.		The ProGIreg<ref>http://www.progireg.eu/</ref> (Productive Green Infrastructure for post-industrial urban regeneration) project began in 2018 and is active in post-industrial urban areas that suffer from social and economic disadvantages, inequality and related crime and security problems. See also [[Regeneration of disused urban land]]. Its approach is based on the use of Living labs<ref>http://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php/Experimentation_labs</ref> with local communities in order to affect change using eight interconnected NBS based on food production. This Community-based urban farms and gardens<ref>ProGIreg NBS #3: Community-based urban farms and gardens approach http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/community-based-urban-farms-and-gardens/</ref> approach will turn unused urban land into productive community gardens, contributing to improved mental and physical health through exposure to nature and healthy sources of food and a community feeling. Additionally an aquaponics<ref>ProGIreg NBS #4: Aquaponics http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/aquaponics/</ref> approach will be tried in 4 cities. Aquaponics is a combination of raising fish (aquaculture) in tanks, together with soilless cultivation of plants (hydroponics) in a symbiotic environment, whereby the fish waste water provides the nutrients needed to feed the plants. This approach is easy to operate and ideal for promoting local food production in areas with contaminated or poor quality soil, and has the potential of creating green job opportunities.

	Another approach implemented through the CITISPYCE project<ref>http://www.citispyce.eu/</ref> (Combating inequalities through innovative social practices of, and for, young people in cities across Europe, 2013-2015) worked with young people in Elefsina, Athens, and used a Municipal Vegetable Garden as a private initiative<ref>CITISPYCE Repository of Case Studies I: Athens - Topeko (Case Studies I: Local Actions for social integration of vulnerable groups in the Municipality of Elefsina (TOPEKO) http://www.citispyce.eu/citispyce-repository-case-studies</ref>. Originating from an NGO called EPEKA, it aimed at the social reintegration of people facing financial difficulties through their active engagement with the vegetable garden. It successfully resulted in 3 young people (up to 30 years old) finding employment.		Another approach implemented through the CITISPYCE project<ref>http://www.citispyce.eu/</ref> (Combating inequalities through innovative social practices of, and for, young people in cities across Europe, 2013-2015) worked with young people in Elefsina, Athens, and used a Municipal Vegetable Garden as a private initiative<ref>CITISPYCE Repository of Case Studies I: Athens - Topeko (Case Studies I: Local Actions for social integration of vulnerable groups in the Municipality of Elefsina (TOPEKO) http://www.citispyce.eu/citispyce-repository-case-studies</ref>. Originating from an NGO called EPEKA, it aimed at the social reintegration of people facing financial difficulties through their active engagement with the vegetable garden. It successfully resulted in 3 young people (up to 30 years old) finding employment.

Karlijn Schipper: /* Shapes, sizes and applications */

2020-01-17T10:04:56Z

Shapes, sizes and applications

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:04, 17 January 2020
Line 9:		Line 9:
	==Shapes, sizes and applications==		==Shapes, sizes and applications==

	EdiCitNet<ref>https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/216082/factsheet/en</ref> is the Edible Cities Network Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities and has just started in 2018, expected to run until 2023. EdiCitNet focuses around Edible City Solutions (ECS), including different forms of urban farming combined with closed loop systems for sustainable water, nutrient, and waste management<ref>Säumel, Ina; Reddy, Suhana E; & Wachtel, Thomas: Edible City Solutions—One Step Further to Foster Social Resilience through Enhanced Socio-Cultural Ecosystem Services in Cities. Published in Sustainability, February 2019 https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i4p972-d205771.html</ref>. It examined case studies in Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Andernach (Germany), Oslo (Norway), Heidelberg (Germany), and Havana (Cuba), and found that while the implementation of [Nature-based solutions] (NBS)has increased in the last decade, they have not been able to significantly increase social cohesion as they mostly invite users to ‘stay and use’ passively but not to become actively involved on-site, in an ongoing fashion. According to findings from the EdiCitNet, around the world and across all socioeconomic groups, cultural and generational differences ECS are booming and demonstrate a high potential for a participatory development of social cohesion.		EdiCitNet<ref>https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/216082/factsheet/en</ref> is the Edible Cities Network Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities and has just started in 2018, expected to run until 2023. EdiCitNet focuses around Edible City Solutions (ECS), including different forms of urban farming combined with closed loop systems for sustainable water, nutrient, and waste management<ref>Säumel, Ina; Reddy, Suhana E; & Wachtel, Thomas: Edible City Solutions—One Step Further to Foster Social Resilience through Enhanced Socio-Cultural Ecosystem Services in Cities. Published in Sustainability, February 2019 https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i4p972-d205771.html</ref>. It examined case studies in Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Andernach (Germany), Oslo (Norway), Heidelberg (Germany), and Havana (Cuba), and found that while the implementation of [[Nature-based solutions]] (NBS)has increased in the last decade, they have not been able to significantly increase social cohesion as they mostly invite users to ‘stay and use’ passively but not to become actively involved on-site, in an ongoing fashion. According to findings from the EdiCitNet, around the world and across all socioeconomic groups, cultural and generational differences ECS are booming and demonstrate a high potential for a participatory development of social cohesion.

	The ProGIreg<ref>http://www.progireg.eu/</ref> (Productive Green Infrastructure for post-industrial urban regeneration) project began in 2018 and is active in post-industrial urban areas that suffer from social and economic disadvantages, inequality and related crime and security problems. Its approach is based on the use of Living labs<ref>http://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php/Experimentation_labs</ref> with local communities in order to affect change using eight interconnected NBS based on food production. This Community-based urban farms and gardens<ref>ProGIreg NBS #3: Community-based urban farms and gardens approach http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/community-based-urban-farms-and-gardens/</ref> approach will turn unused urban land into productive community gardens, contributing to improved mental and physical health through exposure to nature and healthy sources of food and a community feeling. Additionally an aquaponics<ref>ProGIreg NBS #4: Aquaponics http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/aquaponics/</ref> approach will be tried in 4 cities. Aquaponics is a combination of raising fish (aquaculture) in tanks, together with soilless cultivation of plants (hydroponics) in a symbiotic environment, whereby the fish waste water provides the nutrients needed to feed the plants. This approach is easy to operate and ideal for promoting local food production in areas with contaminated or poor quality soil, and has the potential of creating green job opportunities.		The ProGIreg<ref>http://www.progireg.eu/</ref> (Productive Green Infrastructure for post-industrial urban regeneration) project began in 2018 and is active in post-industrial urban areas that suffer from social and economic disadvantages, inequality and related crime and security problems. Its approach is based on the use of Living labs<ref>http://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php/Experimentation_labs</ref> with local communities in order to affect change using eight interconnected NBS based on food production. This Community-based urban farms and gardens<ref>ProGIreg NBS #3: Community-based urban farms and gardens approach http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/community-based-urban-farms-and-gardens/</ref> approach will turn unused urban land into productive community gardens, contributing to improved mental and physical health through exposure to nature and healthy sources of food and a community feeling. Additionally an aquaponics<ref>ProGIreg NBS #4: Aquaponics http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/aquaponics/</ref> approach will be tried in 4 cities. Aquaponics is a combination of raising fish (aquaculture) in tanks, together with soilless cultivation of plants (hydroponics) in a symbiotic environment, whereby the fish waste water provides the nutrients needed to feed the plants. This approach is easy to operate and ideal for promoting local food production in areas with contaminated or poor quality soil, and has the potential of creating green job opportunities.

Karlijn Schipper: /* Shapes, sizes and applications */

2020-01-17T10:04:38Z

Shapes, sizes and applications

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:04, 17 January 2020
Line 9:		Line 9:
	==Shapes, sizes and applications==		==Shapes, sizes and applications==

	EdiCitNet<ref>https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/216082/factsheet/en</ref> is the Edible Cities Network Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities and has just started in 2018, expected to run until 2023. EdiCitNet focuses around Edible City Solutions (ECS), including different forms of urban farming combined with closed loop systems for sustainable water, nutrient, and waste management<ref>Säumel, Ina; Reddy, Suhana E; & Wachtel, Thomas: Edible City Solutions—One Step Further to Foster Social Resilience through Enhanced Socio-Cultural Ecosystem Services in Cities. Published in Sustainability, February 2019 https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i4p972-d205771.html</ref>. It examined case studies in Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Andernach (Germany), Oslo (Norway), Heidelberg (Germany), and Havana (Cuba), and found that while the implementation of Nature-based solutions (NBS~~) (link~~) has increased in the last decade, they have not been able to significantly increase social cohesion as they mostly invite users to ‘stay and use’ passively but not to become actively involved on-site, in an ongoing fashion. According to findings from the EdiCitNet, around the world and across all socioeconomic groups, cultural and generational differences ECS are booming and demonstrate a high potential for a participatory development of social cohesion.		EdiCitNet<ref>https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/216082/factsheet/en</ref> is the Edible Cities Network Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities and has just started in 2018, expected to run until 2023. EdiCitNet focuses around Edible City Solutions (ECS), including different forms of urban farming combined with closed loop systems for sustainable water, nutrient, and waste management<ref>Säumel, Ina; Reddy, Suhana E; & Wachtel, Thomas: Edible City Solutions—One Step Further to Foster Social Resilience through Enhanced Socio-Cultural Ecosystem Services in Cities. Published in Sustainability, February 2019 https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i4p972-d205771.html</ref>. It examined case studies in Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Andernach (Germany), Oslo (Norway), Heidelberg (Germany), and Havana (Cuba), and found that while the implementation of [Nature-based solutions] (NBS)has increased in the last decade, they have not been able to significantly increase social cohesion as they mostly invite users to ‘stay and use’ passively but not to become actively involved on-site, in an ongoing fashion. According to findings from the EdiCitNet, around the world and across all socioeconomic groups, cultural and generational differences ECS are booming and demonstrate a high potential for a participatory development of social cohesion.

	The ProGIreg<ref>http://www.progireg.eu/</ref> (Productive Green Infrastructure for post-industrial urban regeneration) project began in 2018 and is active in post-industrial urban areas that suffer from social and economic disadvantages, inequality and related crime and security problems. Its approach is based on the use of Living labs<ref>http://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php/Experimentation_labs</ref> with local communities in order to affect change using eight interconnected NBS based on food production. This Community-based urban farms and gardens<ref>ProGIreg NBS #3: Community-based urban farms and gardens approach http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/community-based-urban-farms-and-gardens/</ref> approach will turn unused urban land into productive community gardens, contributing to improved mental and physical health through exposure to nature and healthy sources of food and a community feeling. Additionally an aquaponics<ref>ProGIreg NBS #4: Aquaponics http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/aquaponics/</ref> approach will be tried in 4 cities. Aquaponics is a combination of raising fish (aquaculture) in tanks, together with soilless cultivation of plants (hydroponics) in a symbiotic environment, whereby the fish waste water provides the nutrients needed to feed the plants. This approach is easy to operate and ideal for promoting local food production in areas with contaminated or poor quality soil, and has the potential of creating green job opportunities.		The ProGIreg<ref>http://www.progireg.eu/</ref> (Productive Green Infrastructure for post-industrial urban regeneration) project began in 2018 and is active in post-industrial urban areas that suffer from social and economic disadvantages, inequality and related crime and security problems. Its approach is based on the use of Living labs<ref>http://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php/Experimentation_labs</ref> with local communities in order to affect change using eight interconnected NBS based on food production. This Community-based urban farms and gardens<ref>ProGIreg NBS #3: Community-based urban farms and gardens approach http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/community-based-urban-farms-and-gardens/</ref> approach will turn unused urban land into productive community gardens, contributing to improved mental and physical health through exposure to nature and healthy sources of food and a community feeling. Additionally an aquaponics<ref>ProGIreg NBS #4: Aquaponics http://www.progireg.eu/nature-based-solutions/aquaponics/</ref> approach will be tried in 4 cities. Aquaponics is a combination of raising fish (aquaculture) in tanks, together with soilless cultivation of plants (hydroponics) in a symbiotic environment, whereby the fish waste water provides the nutrients needed to feed the plants. This approach is easy to operate and ideal for promoting local food production in areas with contaminated or poor quality soil, and has the potential of creating green job opportunities.

	Another approach implemented through the CITISPYCE project<ref>http://www.citispyce.eu/</ref> (Combating inequalities through innovative social practices of, and for, young people in cities across Europe, 2013-2015) worked with young people in Elefsina, Athens, and used a Municipal Vegetable Garden as a private initiative<ref>CITISPYCE Repository of Case Studies I: Athens - Topeko (Case Studies I: Local Actions for social integration of vulnerable groups in the Municipality of Elefsina (TOPEKO) http://www.citispyce.eu/citispyce-repository-case-studies</ref>. Originating from an NGO called EPEKA, it aimed at the social reintegration of people facing financial difficulties through their active engagement with the vegetable garden. It successfully resulted in 3 young people (up to 30 years old) finding employment.		Another approach implemented through the CITISPYCE project<ref>http://www.citispyce.eu/</ref> (Combating inequalities through innovative social practices of, and for, young people in cities across Europe, 2013-2015) worked with young people in Elefsina, Athens, and used a Municipal Vegetable Garden as a private initiative<ref>CITISPYCE Repository of Case Studies I: Athens - Topeko (Case Studies I: Local Actions for social integration of vulnerable groups in the Municipality of Elefsina (TOPEKO) http://www.citispyce.eu/citispyce-repository-case-studies</ref>. Originating from an NGO called EPEKA, it aimed at the social reintegration of people facing financial difficulties through their active engagement with the vegetable garden. It successfully resulted in 3 young people (up to 30 years old) finding employment.

	==Relation to UrbanA themes: Cities, sustainability, and justice==		==Relation to UrbanA themes: Cities, sustainability, and justice==

Duncan Crowley: /* Narrative of change */

2019-12-16T18:46:47Z

Narrative of change

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:46, 16 December 2019
Line 27:		Line 27:
	With modern cities possessing such large ecological footprints, being dominated by grey infrastructure and automobile use, with often serious health damaging effects (air pollution, heatstress, little opportunity and space for recreation and sport) the systemic use of urban landscapes for food production can act as a major step towards more sustainable, liveable and healthier cities.First, urban agriculture more generally, and related NBS that have been proposed based on this idea, act as a means to lowering energy dependence by increasing local food distribution and markets, thereby reducing global carbon emissions and increasing urban resilience. Second, growing food in community gardens promotes physical exercise and cultivates healthier eating habits. Their health effects expand to mental health benefits through socialization and engagement with natural processes, as well as because they provide greener, more quiet and more pleasant, proximate urban environments.		With modern cities possessing such large ecological footprints, being dominated by grey infrastructure and automobile use, with often serious health damaging effects (air pollution, heatstress, little opportunity and space for recreation and sport) the systemic use of urban landscapes for food production can act as a major step towards more sustainable, liveable and healthier cities.First, urban agriculture more generally, and related NBS that have been proposed based on this idea, act as a means to lowering energy dependence by increasing local food distribution and markets, thereby reducing global carbon emissions and increasing urban resilience. Second, growing food in community gardens promotes physical exercise and cultivates healthier eating habits. Their health effects expand to mental health benefits through socialization and engagement with natural processes, as well as because they provide greener, more quiet and more pleasant, proximate urban environments.

	Beyond their potential for food security and health, community gardens serve also social empowerment and broader political engagement goals, as they become places of exchange and sharing; a place of urban commoning. The transformative potential of local food production zones more generally has been located in their potential of empowering local communities to collectively alleviate social problems, through their inclusive and participatory dynamics. Some initiatives can create new green businesses and jobs, thereby generating local economic growth and fostering social cohesion. An example of ~~this~~ was Cuba’s market gardens (including rooftops) during the countries “special period” when the 1990s US trade blockade and fuel shortages led to an agricultural and partial economic restructuring. The 2006 film by Community Solutions<ref>Film: The Power of Community. How Cuba Survived Peak Oil https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99WCn_nFSAY</ref><ref>Wikipedia: The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_of_Community:_How_Cuba_Survived_Peak_Oil</ref> and research by UK based Bohn & Viljoen Architects<ref>Bohn&Viljoen Architects (2012). Scarcity and Abundance: Urban Agriculture in Cuba and the US https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262867813_Scarcity_and_Abundance_Urban_Agriculture_in_Cuba_and_the_US</ref> explored this period and helped inspire their Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes (CPUL) urban proposal<ref>CPULs – Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes – Andre Viljoen (2006) https://www.transitionculture.org/essential-info/book-reviews/cpuls/</ref> and subsequent food art project DOTT 07<ref>Middlesbrough Urban Farming Project https://www.ryerson.ca/carrotcity/board_pages/city/middlesbrough.html</ref> in Middlesbrough in 2007 which culminated with a moment "where up to 8,000 people shared meals from the food that had been grown"<ref>Early, Catherine (2008) In; Guardian, UK: Urban jungle https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/mar/26/cityfood</ref>.		Beyond their potential for food security and health, community gardens serve also social empowerment and broader political engagement goals, as they become places of exchange and sharing; a place of urban commoning. The transformative potential of local food production zones more generally has been located in their potential of empowering local communities to collectively alleviate social problems, through their inclusive and participatory dynamics. Some initiatives can create new green businesses and jobs, thereby generating local economic growth and fostering social cohesion. An example of such urban transition based around food systems was Cuba’s market gardens (including rooftops) during the countries “special period” when the 1990s US trade blockade and fuel shortages led to an agricultural and partial economic restructuring. The 2006 film by Community Solutions<ref>Film: The Power of Community. How Cuba Survived Peak Oil https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99WCn_nFSAY</ref><ref>Wikipedia: The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_of_Community:_How_Cuba_Survived_Peak_Oil</ref> and research by UK based Bohn & Viljoen Architects<ref>Bohn&Viljoen Architects (2012). Scarcity and Abundance: Urban Agriculture in Cuba and the US https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262867813_Scarcity_and_Abundance_Urban_Agriculture_in_Cuba_and_the_US</ref> explored this period and helped inspire their Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes (CPUL) urban proposal<ref>CPULs – Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes – Andre Viljoen (2006) https://www.transitionculture.org/essential-info/book-reviews/cpuls/</ref> and subsequent food art project DOTT 07<ref>Middlesbrough Urban Farming Project https://www.ryerson.ca/carrotcity/board_pages/city/middlesbrough.html</ref> in Middlesbrough in 2007 which culminated with a moment "where up to 8,000 people shared meals from the food that had been grown"<ref>Early, Catherine (2008) In; Guardian, UK: Urban jungle https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/mar/26/cityfood</ref>. Some further interesting examples include: 1) Sharecity<ref>Sharecity https://sharecity.ie/</ref> has a big data base with more than 4000 initiatives 2) Fundació Espigoladors<ref>Fundació Espigoladors http://www.espigoladors.cat/en/espigoladors-home/</ref> in Barcelona is a non-profit organization which fights against food waste and losses, while empowering people at risk of social exclusion from a transformative, participative, inclusive and sustainable way. 3) The Open food network<ref>Open food network https://openfoodnetwork.org.au/</ref> in Australia 4) Community-supported agriculture<ref>Community-supported agriculture http://www.fao.org/family-farming/detail/en/c/416085/</ref> (through coops).

	* Further opportunities and challenges		* Further opportunities and challenges

Duncan Crowley: /* Narrative of change */

2019-12-16T18:34:05Z

Narrative of change

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:34, 16 December 2019
Line 29:		Line 29:
	Beyond their potential for food security and health, community gardens serve also social empowerment and broader political engagement goals, as they become places of exchange and sharing; a place of urban commoning. The transformative potential of local food production zones more generally has been located in their potential of empowering local communities to collectively alleviate social problems, through their inclusive and participatory dynamics. Some initiatives can create new green businesses and jobs, thereby generating local economic growth and fostering social cohesion. An example of this was Cuba’s market gardens (including rooftops) during the countries “special period” when the 1990s US trade blockade and fuel shortages led to an agricultural and partial economic restructuring. The 2006 film by Community Solutions<ref>Film: The Power of Community. How Cuba Survived Peak Oil https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99WCn_nFSAY</ref><ref>Wikipedia: The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_of_Community:_How_Cuba_Survived_Peak_Oil</ref> and research by UK based Bohn & Viljoen Architects<ref>Bohn&Viljoen Architects (2012). Scarcity and Abundance: Urban Agriculture in Cuba and the US https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262867813_Scarcity_and_Abundance_Urban_Agriculture_in_Cuba_and_the_US</ref> explored this period and helped inspire their Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes (CPUL) urban proposal<ref>CPULs – Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes – Andre Viljoen (2006) https://www.transitionculture.org/essential-info/book-reviews/cpuls/</ref> and subsequent food art project DOTT 07<ref>Middlesbrough Urban Farming Project https://www.ryerson.ca/carrotcity/board_pages/city/middlesbrough.html</ref> in Middlesbrough in 2007 which culminated with a moment "where up to 8,000 people shared meals from the food that had been grown"<ref>Early, Catherine (2008) In; Guardian, UK: Urban jungle https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/mar/26/cityfood</ref>.		Beyond their potential for food security and health, community gardens serve also social empowerment and broader political engagement goals, as they become places of exchange and sharing; a place of urban commoning. The transformative potential of local food production zones more generally has been located in their potential of empowering local communities to collectively alleviate social problems, through their inclusive and participatory dynamics. Some initiatives can create new green businesses and jobs, thereby generating local economic growth and fostering social cohesion. An example of this was Cuba’s market gardens (including rooftops) during the countries “special period” when the 1990s US trade blockade and fuel shortages led to an agricultural and partial economic restructuring. The 2006 film by Community Solutions<ref>Film: The Power of Community. How Cuba Survived Peak Oil https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99WCn_nFSAY</ref><ref>Wikipedia: The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_of_Community:_How_Cuba_Survived_Peak_Oil</ref> and research by UK based Bohn & Viljoen Architects<ref>Bohn&Viljoen Architects (2012). Scarcity and Abundance: Urban Agriculture in Cuba and the US https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262867813_Scarcity_and_Abundance_Urban_Agriculture_in_Cuba_and_the_US</ref> explored this period and helped inspire their Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes (CPUL) urban proposal<ref>CPULs – Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes – Andre Viljoen (2006) https://www.transitionculture.org/essential-info/book-reviews/cpuls/</ref> and subsequent food art project DOTT 07<ref>Middlesbrough Urban Farming Project https://www.ryerson.ca/carrotcity/board_pages/city/middlesbrough.html</ref> in Middlesbrough in 2007 which culminated with a moment "where up to 8,000 people shared meals from the food that had been grown"<ref>Early, Catherine (2008) In; Guardian, UK: Urban jungle https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/mar/26/cityfood</ref>.

			* Further opportunities and challenges
	Some further opportunities identified include: 1) Connect culture and food metabolism/sustainability issues 2) Resistance to current food systems 3) There might be a business opportunity edge to some of the initiatives 4) Food initiatives and urban/peri-urban agriculture can be the link of urban and rural areas 5) Social food practices can move beyond the stigma of “donating” food 6) An opening trend which can be seen as an opportunity for future urban development planning is for these initiatives to foster and promote “food sensitive urban planning”, allowing for integration of food growing within urbanization 7) Change power relations in current food systems. Some further challenges identified include: 1) How to make food initiatives/urban gardens places of social cohesion and not of gentrification? 2) How to move from a hobby/leisure activity to a more conscious challenging of the agri-business culture? 3) Temporality of land use and land ownership is a challenge for urban gardens, and other types of food initiatives 4) Food movements in cities can be disempowered by the fact that the quality of soil is not adequate for growing food. 5) There is great hybridity and variety of social food movements and urban gardening, with different motivations, objectives and outcomes in terms of transformative potential, so we must be careful in characterizing them all as having such potential. 6) Some social food related practices (like informal food stals in rural areas, or community kitchens) are criminalized.		Some further opportunities identified include: 1) Connect culture and food metabolism/sustainability issues 2) Resistance to current food systems 3) There might be a business opportunity edge to some of the initiatives 4) Food initiatives and urban/peri-urban agriculture can be the link of urban and rural areas 5) Social food practices can move beyond the stigma of “donating” food 6) An opening trend which can be seen as an opportunity for future urban development planning is for these initiatives to foster and promote “food sensitive urban planning”, allowing for integration of food growing within urbanization 7) Change power relations in current food systems. Some further challenges identified include: 1) How to make food initiatives/urban gardens places of social cohesion and not of gentrification? 2) How to move from a hobby/leisure activity to a more conscious challenging of the agri-business culture? 3) Temporality of land use and land ownership is a challenge for urban gardens, and other types of food initiatives 4) Food movements in cities can be disempowered by the fact that the quality of soil is not adequate for growing food. 5) There is great hybridity and variety of social food movements and urban gardening, with different motivations, objectives and outcomes in terms of transformative potential, so we must be careful in characterizing them all as having such potential. 6) Some social food related practices (like informal food stals in rural areas, or community kitchens) are criminalized.

Duncan Crowley: /* Narrative of change */

2019-12-16T18:32:49Z

Narrative of change

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:32, 16 December 2019
Line 28:		Line 28:

	Beyond their potential for food security and health, community gardens serve also social empowerment and broader political engagement goals, as they become places of exchange and sharing; a place of urban commoning. The transformative potential of local food production zones more generally has been located in their potential of empowering local communities to collectively alleviate social problems, through their inclusive and participatory dynamics. Some initiatives can create new green businesses and jobs, thereby generating local economic growth and fostering social cohesion. An example of this was Cuba’s market gardens (including rooftops) during the countries “special period” when the 1990s US trade blockade and fuel shortages led to an agricultural and partial economic restructuring. The 2006 film by Community Solutions<ref>Film: The Power of Community. How Cuba Survived Peak Oil https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99WCn_nFSAY</ref><ref>Wikipedia: The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_of_Community:_How_Cuba_Survived_Peak_Oil</ref> and research by UK based Bohn & Viljoen Architects<ref>Bohn&Viljoen Architects (2012). Scarcity and Abundance: Urban Agriculture in Cuba and the US https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262867813_Scarcity_and_Abundance_Urban_Agriculture_in_Cuba_and_the_US</ref> explored this period and helped inspire their Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes (CPUL) urban proposal<ref>CPULs – Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes – Andre Viljoen (2006) https://www.transitionculture.org/essential-info/book-reviews/cpuls/</ref> and subsequent food art project DOTT 07<ref>Middlesbrough Urban Farming Project https://www.ryerson.ca/carrotcity/board_pages/city/middlesbrough.html</ref> in Middlesbrough in 2007 which culminated with a moment "where up to 8,000 people shared meals from the food that had been grown"<ref>Early, Catherine (2008) In; Guardian, UK: Urban jungle https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/mar/26/cityfood</ref>.		Beyond their potential for food security and health, community gardens serve also social empowerment and broader political engagement goals, as they become places of exchange and sharing; a place of urban commoning. The transformative potential of local food production zones more generally has been located in their potential of empowering local communities to collectively alleviate social problems, through their inclusive and participatory dynamics. Some initiatives can create new green businesses and jobs, thereby generating local economic growth and fostering social cohesion. An example of this was Cuba’s market gardens (including rooftops) during the countries “special period” when the 1990s US trade blockade and fuel shortages led to an agricultural and partial economic restructuring. The 2006 film by Community Solutions<ref>Film: The Power of Community. How Cuba Survived Peak Oil https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99WCn_nFSAY</ref><ref>Wikipedia: The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_of_Community:_How_Cuba_Survived_Peak_Oil</ref> and research by UK based Bohn & Viljoen Architects<ref>Bohn&Viljoen Architects (2012). Scarcity and Abundance: Urban Agriculture in Cuba and the US https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262867813_Scarcity_and_Abundance_Urban_Agriculture_in_Cuba_and_the_US</ref> explored this period and helped inspire their Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes (CPUL) urban proposal<ref>CPULs – Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes – Andre Viljoen (2006) https://www.transitionculture.org/essential-info/book-reviews/cpuls/</ref> and subsequent food art project DOTT 07<ref>Middlesbrough Urban Farming Project https://www.ryerson.ca/carrotcity/board_pages/city/middlesbrough.html</ref> in Middlesbrough in 2007 which culminated with a moment "where up to 8,000 people shared meals from the food that had been grown"<ref>Early, Catherine (2008) In; Guardian, UK: Urban jungle https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/mar/26/cityfood</ref>.

			Some further opportunities identified include: 1) Connect culture and food metabolism/sustainability issues 2) Resistance to current food systems 3) There might be a business opportunity edge to some of the initiatives 4) Food initiatives and urban/peri-urban agriculture can be the link of urban and rural areas 5) Social food practices can move beyond the stigma of “donating” food 6) An opening trend which can be seen as an opportunity for future urban development planning is for these initiatives to foster and promote “food sensitive urban planning”, allowing for integration of food growing within urbanization 7) Change power relations in current food systems. Some further challenges identified include: 1) How to make food initiatives/urban gardens places of social cohesion and not of gentrification? 2) How to move from a hobby/leisure activity to a more conscious challenging of the agri-business culture? 3) Temporality of land use and land ownership is a challenge for urban gardens, and other types of food initiatives 4) Food movements in cities can be disempowered by the fact that the quality of soil is not adequate for growing food. 5) There is great hybridity and variety of social food movements and urban gardening, with different motivations, objectives and outcomes in terms of transformative potential, so we must be careful in characterizing them all as having such potential. 6) Some social food related practices (like informal food stals in rural areas, or community kitchens) are criminalized.

	==Transformative potential==		==Transformative potential==

Lin at 22:21, 23 November 2019

2019-11-23T22:21:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:21, 24 November 2019
Line 48:		Line 48:
	[[Category: Approaches]]		[[Category: Approaches]]
	[[Category: Community gardens and food]]		[[Category: Community gardens and food]]
	[[Category: ~~Crowdsourcing~~]]		[[Category: Living lab]]
	[[Category: Nature-based solutions]]		[[Category: Nature-based solutions]]
	[[Category: ProGIreg]]		[[Category: ProGIreg]]