Urban Arena Wiki - User contributions [en]

Data collection

2022-04-20T14:49:37Z

Tom.henfrey: corrected category tag

Data is collected via electronic and digital technologies and then analysed either within a system or as part of a wider organisational structure.

This page is part of an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database, which collects relevant approaches that can be used by city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. It is based mainly on knowledge generated in EU-funded projects and touches on fast changing fields. As such, this page makes no claims of authoritative completeness and welcomes your suggestions.

==General introduction to approach==
The creation, use and maintenance of digital infrastructures is increasingly on the agenda for urban governance, with a number of potential implications for sustainability and justice. The exchange of digital data relating to transport, energy or other realms promises to increase efficiency, reduce waste, provide more information, improve decision making and allow for real time updates for both citizens and the state. For example, in terms of transport, digital data collection might allow for the improvement of local transit planning, operational performance, investment decisions and passenger access to information. Projects such as Siade SaaS<ref>https://www.siade.eu/</ref> aim to create visual systems designed for managing transport networks, utilizing mass data analysis - combining passenger records with geographic information system implementation.

Digital data collection as described here does not strictly refer to a collaborative or participatory activity, though it may involve users choosing to share their data. Rather it is an approach in which private companies or other entities are contracted by the state or other organisations to create digital platforms that allow for the collection and analysis of digital data.

==Shapes, sizes and applications==

When digital data collection first entered the realms of possibility, it was often presented as a silver bullet solution by large private companies who sought to enter into contractual arrangements with municipalities. However, this idea failed to stick in part due to reluctance of cities with both limited funds and knowledge/experience of vastly expensive past IT projects. Currently, there exists a range of smaller, more experimental and emerging digital data solutions utilized in different ways and in different settings, usually termed ICT (internet communication technology) platforms. The OPTIMISM project<ref>https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/100160/reporting/en</ref> identified a number of best practices including car sharing schemes, personalised travel information services, mobile payment devices, and online route planners.

In its most comprehensive form, digital data collection is part of the move towards creating ‘smart cities’ - urban conglomerations built around the ‘internet of things’ where networked systems collect, share and analyse data at the municipal level. One example of this is the FINEST Twins project<ref>https://forumvirium.fi/en/finest-smart-city/</ref> in which a Smart City Center of Excellence (CoE) based in Estonia will utilize the experiences of nearby Helsinki and further combine knowledge from academia, the public sector and companies in the creation of a hub for guiding smart city futures in the cross-border region.

As with many digital technologies, their transferability is wide if a) the local state has the resources to invest; or b) private companies see the possibility for profit.

==Relation to UrbanA themes: Cities, sustainability, and justice==
Digital data collection and analysis works well in urban settings because the quantity of data produced should provide the possibilities for a more detailed analysis. Digital data collection approaches, especially in their smart city form (see [[Smart Cities]]), are bound up with urban utopian dreaming - often talking of technologically saturated futures in which cities function seamlessly. However, concerning the justice and sustainability of such data driven approaches, it is difficult disentangle initiatives from a closed concept of urban development that aligns governments with private industries and thus, for the most part, suggest solutions which are economically profitable. For instance, in terms of energy it might be the setting up of a smart grid to make consumption more efficient, rather than developing community energy provision; in terms of the management of urban waste it might mean a reframing the issue as the optimisation of collection, rather than the reduction of consumption <ref>Evans, James, Andrew Karvonen, Andres Luque-Ayala, Chris Martin, Kes McCormick, Rob Raven, and Yuliya Voytenko Palgan. ‘Smart and Sustainable Cities? Pipedreams, Practicalities and Possibilities’. Local Environment 24, no. 7 (3 July 2019): 557–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2019.1624701.</ref>; whilst in terms of transport it might mean diverting resources to the downtown at the expense of isolated neighbourhoods that may have fewer potential passengers, but also less car ownership. In such instances data collection not only fails to tackle unsustainable and unjust processes, but rather helps uphold them in the long term. The challenge, then, is to harness the potentials found within digital data exchange platforms for social and environmental justice or, if it is not possible within existing platforms, redesign or re-purpose the technology for more progressive aims. Such a move might improve marginalised communities access to energy, transport or other utilities and thus allow them the security, space and time to flourish in data saturated cities.

This might mean more openness and transparency. As, Timo Ruohomäki, an engineer working as a project manager of mySMARTLife<ref>https://www.mysmartlife.eu/mysmartlife/</ref> at Forum Virium Helsinki argues,
“in many cases it seems like smart cities are about adding cameras and sensors and collecting data... [but] this is not how we see it... We don't want to have that type of Orwell approach, that the city is monitoring you all the time… “In order to improve the ways citizens can participate, we need to be very transparent... and also there has to be a [noticeable] benefit for the person… Very often a single source of data is not valuable by itself, it should be combined with other data... [and] data should be open unless there is a specific reason not to... if people want to, they can track what is happening and participate in a meaningful way”

==Narrative of change==
Cities are often inefficient, produce waste and under-utilize capacities. Intelligent use of digital data generated by sensors or citizens can allow for more efficient, less wasteful and capacity-maximising cities. This could have potentially positive consequences for sustainability and justice if the data is gathered and analyzed in ways that forefront such concerns.

==Transformative potential==
The transformative potential of digital data collection rests to a great degree on whether it is used within the prevalent exclusionary and environment-damaging processes of urban change, or if it can be used to create new urban cultures. The digital is pregnant with promise, but the utopian proclamations about how digital data can improve our cities are based, for the most part, within paradigms that place economic development at the fore. This casts questions about justice and sustainability within discussions about profit and a system which is predicated on growth. Their transformative potential is further neutered by the expense of many data exchange platforms or initiatives, or their reliance on a population with personal devices. As such, for power relations to be challenged and data collection to be used for justice and sustainability, first of all, questions have to be asked not only about implementation but also design. According to Andrea Cominola, Junior Professor of Smart Water Networks at the Einstein Center Digital Future and Technische Universität Berlin, who researched within the SmartH20 project<ref>https://sw4eu.com/sh2o-the-smarth2o-project/</ref> there is a tension between calls for open data sets and commercial concerns, as well as the need to balance user privacy with a desire for high resolution data. How public, private, community and state interests operationalize digital data collection will set the contours of the approach’s transformative potential.

==Illustrations of approaches==
'''ICT platforms''': ICT (internet communication technology) platforms can help with more efficient and easily analysable digital data exchange. For instance, the SmartH2O<ref>https://sw4eu.com/sh2o-the-smarth2o-project/</ref> project built an ICT platform that could, in quasi real time, capture and store data on residential water usage, build customer behaviour models, and monitor how customer behaviour could be influenced by water management strategies. In this way it closed the loop, feeding back the information in a way that affected customer’s water usage. According to the above mentioned Andrea Cominola and Andrea Castelletti (Associate Professor of Natural Resources Management in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Politecnico di Milano), both of whom worked within the project, there was a relative difference in per-capita water consumption of between 5 and 20 percent for the SmartH2O users in Valencia (Spain). Castelletti says that the suggestions are like “a recommendation in an Amazon or Google style... [the system] recognises if the user is interested in certain things to help households reduce water consumption.”

'''[[Smart Cities]]''': On a broader scale is the project Smart Impact<ref>https://smartimpact-project.eu/</ref>. They aimed to create new ways of working so cities are more liveable and sustainable. It is a partnership of 10 cities, led by Manchester, and they share and work together. The project has 5 key components: data governance, organisational development, smart financing, regulations and incentives, and local innovation ecosystems. The cities all made action plans, strategies, data management plans, encouraged citizen involvement and helped start-ups.

==References==
<references />

[[Category: Approaches]]
[[Category: Data collection]]
[[Category: Crowdsourcing]]
[[Category: Energy and mobility solutions]]
[[Category: Experimentation lab]]
[[Category: Siade SaaS]]
[[Category: OPTIMISM]]
[[Category: SmartH2O]]

Beyond GDP indicators

2022-04-20T14:41:41Z

Tom.henfrey:

Beyond GDP indicators refers to alternative economic indicators that do not place economic growth as the most important variable in assessing a country's progress. Beyond GDP indicators are inclusive of other aspects of development, such as, environmental and social.

This page is part of an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database, which collects relevant approaches that can be used by city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. It is based mainly on knowledge generated in EU-funded projects and touches on fast changing fields. As such, this page makes no claims of authoritative completeness and welcomes your suggestions.

==General introduction to approach==
The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index Human Development Index] launched in 1990 was a first big milestone in broadening the measurement of societal progress by including a social dimension to the economic one. Aligned with the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as citizens’ concerns and with the latest technological and political evolutions, new frameworks and indicators propose more comprehensive ways in which to think, assess and monitor progress. Several projects within the EU have helped evolve the “[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad_measures_of_economic_progress#Beyond_GDP Beyond GDP]” debate through various approaches which aim to address the pressing need of bridging the indicator gap, both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Investors and business organizations are starting to pay more attention to sustainability and to use environmental, social and governance indicators in addition to purely economic ones. This trend is reflected in the increasing adoption of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility] departments and of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Reporting_Initiative Global Report Initiative] in big companies.

“Beyond GDP” approaches should be of particular interest to policymakers, statistical offices and planning agencies, as well as academia, and other assessment/monitoring stakeholders. However, designing indicator sets can be done by any agent of society, not just large companies and established institutions. Other agents bring their own knowledge of local challenges and priorities.

New evaluation frameworks and indicators have been generated to better assess, benchmark and monitor societal progress, within a broad definition of sustainability. For example, the monetisation of natural capital and ecosystem services operationalises the environmental dimension feeding into the economics and capitalist logic to transform it from within ([https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/105523/reporting/en OpenNESS]). Most approaches go beyond the pure economic rationale, and assign weights to the economic, social and environmental pillars of sustainability in various ways. Some of the new alternative frameworks ([https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cros/content/brainpool_en BRAINPOoL], [https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/102396/factsheet/en Welfare, Wealth & Work for Europe]) prioritise the social dimension, while others clearly underline the environmental one ([https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cros/content/stream_en IN-STREAM]). Locally co-created frameworks and indicators are of particular interest ([https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/89639/reporting/en WeValue])for their educational and community-building aspects carried throughout the design process.

==Shapes, sizes and applications==
The [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cros/content/brainpool_en BRAINPOoL] project proposes - at the EU-level - shifting the primary focus onto other indicators than GDP. After brokering knowledge between policy-makers, statistical offices and planning agencies, this “priorities/needs assessment” has led to '''a joint action plan for the implementation of new indicators''', providing new insights into the barriers and drivers of their use.

[https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/102396/factsheet/en Welfare, Wealth & Work for Europe] have developed and intensively disseminated a '''“Wellbeing in a sustainable environment”''' benchmark system that balances out three dimensions: increasing incomes; social inclusiveness, gender equality and equitable distribution; and environmental sustainability. They have also made sectoral policy recommendations to support a people-centered growth path by changing the consumption structure towards less material and energy-intensive products (specifying the institutional changes needed at all policy levels).

Also including citizen wellbeing and social justice, but focusing on the less represented indicators of biodiversity, green growth and resource efficiency, [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cros/content/stream_en IN-STREAM] proposes an '''integrated framework''' for sustainable prosperity to complement mainstream economic benchmarks, and explores the potential value of alternative composite indicators.

While keeping the economic dimension as the centre, the [https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/105523/reporting/en OpenNESS] project gives the keys to '''operationalisation of natural capital (e.g. air, water, biodiversity) and ecosystem services''' (e.g. climate regulation, waste decomposition, pollination of crops, and other vital or wellbeing services to human societies). This innovative approach is based on the idea that giving nature a monetary value can help manage it more sustainably. Although, commodification of nature could have implications for justice, as the monetisation of environmental benefits challenges their status as public goods. Furthermore, the logic can lead to serious social implications if applied to human capital. There is no ethical way to calculate human capital value/loss. Indeed, giving greater economical value to a human being than another (based on its level of education, age, gender, state of health, or whatever other criteria) is politically very dangerous.

The [https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/89639/reporting/en WeValue] project proposes '''a co-creative design of ethical/values-based indicators''' by using a combination of indicators based on perceptions and observable outputs. The dynamic ‘inside-out’ process of designing indicators is framed within clearly defined contexts of collective action. Multiple sets of values-based indicators can be created depending on what should be measured either within specific educational initiatives, projects or programmes (micro-level) or across a whole organisation or institution (meso-level).

All of these six approaches have a good level of maturity and transferability, some being more adequate for implementation within certain scale, which is a positive sign of complementarity between national and local levels. Nevertheless, the implementation of some approaches would probably require more ressources than others. For instance the WeValue values-based indicators is a participatory and educational process, where indicators definition process is as important as - to not say more than - the use of indicators.

==Relation to UrbanA themes: Cities, sustainability, and justice==
'''Urban''': These approaches are not necessarily urban per se, but are highly relevant and applicable in urban / peri-urban ecosystems and functional domains.

'''Sustainability''': This topic strongly links together the three dimensions of sustainability. All approaches explicitly embrace the sustainability debate trying to combine the growing environmental concerns with socio-economic issues, while weighing the economic, social and environmental priorities differently.

'''Justice''': Three types of justice (distributional, interactional, and procedural). It raises big questions - for example of equitable distribution of material resources and services, especially when “nature” is considered a stakeholder itself. Spatial justice and interactional equity are tackled as well to some extent, although not explicitly. As most of the approaches are of interest to technical agents primarily, only the WeValue project answers to procedural justice, including potentially multiple layers of society in the design of indicator sets.

==Narrative of change & Transformative Potential==
Skepticism towards the economy-centered capitalist model is on the rise. GDP, the single dominant metric for the three past generations, has set '''growth''' as the indicator to prosperity and wellbeing of a society, and shaped the management of our economy without taking into consideration resources limitations or assessing the level of fairness of its society. Indeed the limitations of GDP as an indicator are that it measures economic flows only and is unable to differentiate between transactions which are sustainable and beneficial from those which are not. Complementary and especially alternative frameworks and indicators bring ethics, well-being, social and environmental questions to the fore.

Alternative (and complementary) approaches and indicators to GDP carry ground-breaking transformative potential as it challenges the established belief that GDP growth is the n°1 indicator of a healthy economy and society. By providing more inclusive knowledge of sustainability and mainstreaming alternative indicators, these approaches can inform and transform the management of the socio-eco-environmental system we live in and depend on. Also, the process of defining the indicators can be as transformative as the indicators themselves. While the operationalisation of natural capital and ecosystem services and the co-design of values-based indicators are innovative, the other approaches are not. Nevertheless, they all explicitly seek to overcome the current unsustainable and unfair patterns, by altering the societal progress narrative, its definition and its GDP-centered measurement framework, and by broadening the stakeholder groups for the benefit of the common good, and with that for the sake of environmental sustainability.

==Additional reading==
'''EU Projects:'''

[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cros/content/stream_en IN-STREAM]
[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cros/content/brainpool_en BRAINPOoL] [https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/102396/factsheet/en Welfare, Wealth & Work for Europe][https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/105523/reporting/en OpenNESS]
[https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/89639/reporting/en WeValue]
[https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/89639/reporting/en ESDINDS]

'''Wikipedia Pages:'''

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad_measures_of_economic_progress#Beyond_GDP Beyond GDP]
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index Human Development Index]
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Reporting_Initiative Global Report Initiative][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility]

'''Other Websites:'''

[https://www.beyondgdpindicators.com/ Beyond GDP Website]
[https://www.globalreporting.org/Pages/default.aspx Global Reporting Initiative]
[http://www.happycity.org.uk/happiness-pulse/ Happiness Pulse Index]

'''Articles:'''

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/659640?seq=1 Fourcade, M. (2011). Cents and sensibility: economic valuation and the nature of “nature”. American journal of sociology, 116(6), 1721-77]

<references />

[[Category: Approaches]]

Beyond GDP indicators

2022-04-20T14:41:08Z

Tom.henfrey: removed redundant category tag

Transition towns

2021-06-22T15:08:47Z

Tom.henfrey: /* Further reading */ updated CfF wiki link

'''Transition Towns''' (more commonly referred to as the Transition movement) refers to community-based initiatives that address the complex challenges of our time by developing community resilience and creative innovation for sustainability, with a great variety of approaches to create a low-carbon future and nurture a caring culture. There are over 1200 Transition group community initiatives in over 40 countries.

This page is part of an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database, which collects relevant approaches that can be used by city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. It is based mainly on knowledge generated in EU-funded projects and touches on fast changing fields. As such, this page makes no claims of authoritative completeness and welcomes your suggestions.

==General introduction to approach==
Transition Town initiatives provide spaces for experimentation where citizens can build community resilience and pioneer alternative environmental, economic and social solutions. This includes the (re)discovery of (new combinations of) old and new skills and services to increase socio-ecological and socio-economic independence, and experimenting with permaculture design principles for urban farming and local food production, cooperative production of renewable energy, time banks and other complementary currencies [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800912004259 Seyfang & Longhurst 2013].

The [http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/ TRANSIT research project] includes a number of [http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/resource-hub/transition-towns case-studies on transition initiatives and the Transition Network] as manifestations of social innovation in the sense that they explicitly engage with changing social relations, involving new ways of doing, thinking and organising. In research project [http://www.tess-transition.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/TESS-booklet_-Community-Climate-Action-across-Europe.pdf TESS] the Transition Black Isle (Scotland) was one of the case studies. Transition Town Halle was studied as a [http://glamurs.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/WP5_Deliverable_5.6.pdf case study in the GLAMURS project] and supported by the BASE project the cases of Transition Town Initiatives in [http://www.transitionresearchnetwork.org/uploads/1/2/7/3/12737251/2.3_transition_in_bristol.pdf Bristol] (UK) and [http://www.transitionresearchnetwork.org/uploads/1/2/7/3/12737251/2.1_transition_in_peterborough.pdf Peterborough] (Canada) were described.

==Shapes, sizes and applications==
The Transition movement originated around 2006 in the United Kingdom (UK) and has since rapidly spread across the world. [http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/content/original/Book%20covers/Local%20PDFs/155%20TSI%20Narrative_Transition%20Movement_Upload.pdf Longhurst (2015)] indicates that in 2014 the growth of the movement led to the proliferation of 1120 transition initiatives in 43 countries (see also [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378013002197?via%3Dihub Feola and Nunes 2014]) .

[http://transitionnetwork.org/ Transition Network] is an organisation that supports the Transition movement, amplifies stories of community-led change, and nurtures collaboration across difference to challenge us all to reimagine and rebuild our world. There are currently 23 Transition Hubs (mainly national level organisations) supporting, connecting and inspiring Transition in their territory.

There have been many empirical studies on the Transition Network and local initiatives, ranging from urban studies and critical geography to research fields focused on degrowth and sustainability transitions (e.g. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2010.00868.x Mason, K. and Whitehead, M. 2012], [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718509001092?via%3Dihub Bailey et al. 2010], [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ad.1432 Hopkins 2012], [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1068/c10222 Seyfang & Haxeltine 2012][https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378013002197?via%3Dihub Feola and Nunes 2014]). The principles, models and resources developed by early Transition towns have been collected, adapted and shared by Transition Network, the Transition Hubs and others and applied to very different contexts and levels of scale. The term Transition initiative is now used to encompass Transition villages, towns, city neighbourhoods, schools and universities.

Transition Town Totnes (TTT) in the UK is the first and longest running Transition initiative, which was launched in September 2006. TTT describes itself as “a community-led and run local charity that exists to strengthen the local economy, reduce our environmental impact, and build our resilience for a future with less cheap energy and a changing climate, (...) a collection of local volunteers with a small staff team, who come together to work on projects” <ref>https://www.transitiontowntotnes.org/ </ref>. Their work “ranges from increasing low impact affordable housing, sharing skills, creating livelihoods, reducing energy costs and carbon emissions, growing our local food economy and working in partnership with other local projects” <ref> https://www.transitiontowntotnes.org/</ref>.

[https://1192budapest.wixsite.com/atalakulowekerle/about-transition-wekerle Transition Wekerle], launched in 2008 (re-named in 2011), was the first official Transition initiative in Hungary, and helped develop the [https://kozossegek.atalakulo.hu/transition-communities-hungary Hungarian Transition Hub]. According to its own website, Transition Wekerle “relies heavily on the cooperation of individuals, local NGOs and local institutions” and “focuses on local food, local energy and local economy in order to lighten our eco-footprint, promote active citizenship, new ways of cooperation and solidarity”. Their initiative ranges from “improving the energy efficiency of old homes through insulation, collecting fruit and vegetable donations at the local market for poverty-stricken families and promoting urban gardening by organising seed-swap events” <ref> http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/blog/a-her-story-of-transition-wekerle-an-experience-of-local-community-activism-in-hungary </ref>.

[[Municipalities in Transition]] is a key approach designed to help communities and municipalities to collaborate well to create systemic change for sustainability.

==Relation to UrbanA themes: Cities, sustainability, and justice==
The Transition approach is explicitly designed to be applicable anywhere, including the urban context. In fact, one of the interesting things about the Transition approach is that it enables people to experiment with approaches and solutions that may originally have been associated with rural areas (e.g. permaculture, organic agriculture, renewable energy, ecovillages) and do so in their urban neighbourhoods. As argued by [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0042098013480966 North & Longhurst 2013]: “the question of how the Transition model can be applied in urban settings has not been clear, leading to the implicit assumption that urban Transition initiatives are more complex and difficult. In contrast, [we argue that] the plasticity of Transition politics means that, in some cases, an urban context might be more productive for the development of Transition initiatives because it allows for a greater diversity of political action as well as providing a density of networks and resources that can be critical for the survival of grassroots interventions”.

Transition Network has identified the municipal level of scale as a space where people can engage in the need for systemic change in a meaningful way, spotting connections, building trust, countering social and economic inequality and fostering a stronger and more practical sense of environmental stewardship. The [[Municipalities in Transition]] System fosters this potential at municipal scale, as an approach to help communities and municipalities engage in a collaborative transition towards a more sustainable future.

The Transition movement explicitly aims to contribute to both social justice and ecological sustainability. The first two principles that the Transition Network emphasizes on their website and in “The Essential Guide to Doing Transition”<ref> https://transitionnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/The-Essential-Guide-to-Doing-Transition-English-V1.2.pdf </ref> are formulated as follows:

We respect resource limits and create resilience – The urgent need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, greatly reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and make wise use of precious resources is at the forefront of everything we do.
We promote inclusivity and social justice – The most disadvantaged and powerless people in our societies are likely to be worst affected by rising fuel and food prices, resource shortages and extreme weather events. We want to increase the chances of all groups in society to live well, healthily and with sustainable livelihoods.

The striving for inclusivity is also reflected in sharing Transition initiatives and approaches in an explicitly accessible and open format and tone to enable everyone to “Getting Transition started in your street, community, town or organisation”.

==Narrative of change==
The narrative of the Transition Network has evolved over time, through three main iterations. The original approach, based on ‘The 12 Steps of Transition’ <ref> Hopkins, R., 2008. The Transition Handbook: From oil dependency to local resilience. Green Books, Totnes, Devon </ref> was replaced by a more open set of 43 ‘ingredients’ <ref> Hopkins, R., 2011. The Transition Companion: Making Your Community More Resilient in Uncertain Times. Chelsea Green Publishing </ref>, a more focused set of which featured in the most recent (2018) version of “The Essential Guide to Doing Transition” <ref> https://transitionnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/The-Essential-Guide-to-Doing-Transition-English-V1.2.pdf </ref>. These ingredients include:
* Healthy groups: Learning how to work well together
* Vision: Imagining the future you want to co-create
* Involvement: Getting the wider community involved and developing relationships beyond friends and natural allies
* Networks & partnerships: Collaborating with others
* Practical projects: Inspiring others and building new infrastructures
* Part of a movement: Scaling up your impacts by linking up with transitioners elsewhere:
* Reflect & celebrate: Reflecting on how you're doing and celebrating the difference you're making

Underlying these ingredients are a number of principles <ref> https://transitionnetwork.org/about-the-movement/what-is-transition/principles-2/ </ref> and an outspoken emphasis on the necessity of finding a balance between “the head, the heart and the hands”. The narrative of the Transition Network is explicitly aiming to be “inspirational, positive and evolving” and places much emphasis on storytelling. As formulated on the website, “one of the key ways in which the approach has spread to “over 50 countries, in thousands of groups: in towns, villages, cities, Universities, schools (...) is through telling inspiring stories” <ref> https://transitionnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/The-Essential-Guide-to-Doing-Transition-English-V1.2.pdf </ref>.

According to [http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/content/original/Book%20covers/Local%20PDFs/155%20TSI%20Narrative_Transition%20Movement_Upload.pdf Longhurst 2015], the Transition approach is “underpinned by a theory of change that is based on community based activism stimulating wider systemic change towards a post-fossil fuel, high well being society. (...) Transition initiatives provide a supportive experimental space for citizens to work towards changing their systems at a local level. It is a positive and engaging process that is intended to encourage people to engage in areas where they are passionate about change and work towards the building of new localised systems of provision (e.g. energy, food). The theory of change is set out in a set of narratives about why a transition is required and how it should be undertaken. It is offered as a rational and necessary response to the threats of peak oil, climate change and the global economic crisis. It proposes a set of processes for organizing initiatives and projects. The model is innovative in the way that it brings together various ideas and practices into a coherent model. It combines ideas from ecology, addiction studies, system thinking, permaculture, with techniques for participatory community organizing and engagement”<ref> http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/content/original/Book%20covers/Local%20PDFs/155%20TSI%20Narrative_Transition%20Movement_Upload.pdf </ref>.

==Transformative potential==
From the [http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/content/original/Book%20covers/Local%20PDFs/155%20TSI%20Narrative_Transition%20Movement_Upload.pdf TRANSIT case-study report summary]: “Assessing exactly how it contributes towards change is difficult to clearly establish if the various dimensions of change outlined above are taken into account. The extent to which it has influenced the beliefs and behaviour of the various actors who have been involved or engaged by Transition activities would need further, detailed empirical investigation. Furthermore, the way in which the model is implemented differently in different countries adds a further layer of complexity in terms of understanding the possible impact. Some broad observations can be made:
* The growth of the movement has led to the proliferation of 1120 TIs in 43 countries (April 2014).
* Locally created ‘experimental space’ has led to new kinds of innovation emerging.
* Some projects have a tangible localised effect on their community.
* The Transition narrative has diffused widely. It has contributed to the discourse around the necessity and nature of a Transition as well as being part of the wider anti-growth / anti-capitalist discourse.
* The Transition model has contributed towards the argument that community based movements can contribute to social change, influencing government policy”.

One of the critiques towards the Transition Towns movement has been its focus on positive action and lack of overt resistance and protest towards existing structures, or in other words its “apolitical pragmatism that masks latent tensions” in the urban context (Mason & Whitehead 2011)<ref> https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2010.00868.x </ref> and its “insistence on inclusiveness and positive responses and consequent refusal to take positions in direct opposition to institutions or projects” (Connols & McDonalds 2010)<ref> https://academic.oup.com/cdj/article/46/4/558/361575 </ref>. On that basis one could argue that the transformative potential of the Transition Towns movements lies primarily in the (contributing) to supplementing and altering current power relations, rather than overtly challenging or replacing them. Several studies have described the danger of co-optation by established institutions and/or paradigms. The movement's internal narrative is explicitly transformative, though the extent to which that translates into overt challenges to current power relations varies. See for example [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-981-10-4792-3_10 Alexander and Ruthford 2018]. On the other hand, one could argue that the grassroots community work of Transition Towns, also has the potential to challenge and replace current power relations by showing that alternative social relations are possible. The [[Municipalities in Transition]] System, for instance, aims to challenge power relations through the process being led by a collaborative group where community and municipality representatives are equals in decision-making. As argued by [https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1032 Lara Monticelli (2018)], movements like Transition Towns are focused on ‘prefiguring’ their future vision, i.e. “embody their ultimate goals and their vision of a future society through their ongoing social practices, social relations, decision-making philosophy and culture” and “not only opposing capitalism but also prefiguring post-capitalist societies. These movements are re-thinking and re-politicising conventional modes of production, consumption and living by defending, restoring and creating spaces of resistance and experimentation” (Monticelli 2018: 509-515)<ref> https://www.triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/view/1032</ref>.

==Illustrations==
Examples of Transition Town initiatives studied in the TRANSIT project:

Social Innovation Initiatives in the [http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/sii Critical Turning Points-database]
*[http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/sii/transition-towns-1 Omstilling Ry (Transition Ry – Denmark)]
*[http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/sii/transition-towns-3 Transition Norwich (UK)]
*[http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/sii/transition-towns-4 Transition Town Tooting (UK)]
*[http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/sii/transition-towns-2 Transition Bro Gwaun (UK)]

Social Innovation Initiatives studied in-depth
*[http://transitionnorwichnews.blogspot.com/ Transition Norwich (UK)]
*[http://transitiontowntooting.blogspot.com/ Transition Town Tooting (UK)]
*[https://transitionbrogwaun.org.uk/ Transition Bro Gwaun (UK)]

In research project TESS <ref> http://www.tess-transition.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/TESS-booklet_-Community-Climate-Action-across-Europe.pdf </ref>
*Transition Black Isle (Scotland)

In the GLAMURS project
*[http://glamurs.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/WP5_Deliverable_5.6.pdf Transition Town Halle ]

Supported by the BASE project a book on transition was written with the cases of
*Transition Town Initiative [http://www.transitionresearchnetwork.org/uploads/1/2/7/3/12737251/2.3_transition_in_bristol.pdf Bristol](UK)
*Transition Town Initiative [http://www.transitionresearchnetwork.org/uploads/1/2/7/3/12737251/2.1_transition_in_peterborough.pdf Peterborough] (Canada)

==References==
<references />

==Further reading ==
Further information on the Communities for Future wiki: https://wiki.communitiesforfuture.org/wiki/Transition_movement

[[Category: Approaches]]
[[Category: Transition towns]]
[[Category: Ecovillages]]
[[Category: Experimentation labs]]
[[Category: BASE]]
[[Category: TESS]]
[[Category: Transition wekerle]]

Database of approaches

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==Approaches==
*[[Beyond GDP indicators]]
*[[Citizen science]] (YOU ARE WELCOME TO CONTRIBUTE TO THIS PAGE!)
*[[Civil disobedience]] (YOU ARE WELCOME TO CONTRIBUTE TO THIS PAGE!)
*[[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]]
*[[Co-living, co-housing & intentional communities]]
**[[Ecovillages]]
**[[Co-working spaces]]
*[[Community gardens and food]]
*[[Crowdsourcing]]
*[[Culture for empowerment]]
*[[Data Collection]]
*[[Degrowth movement]] (YOU ARE WELCOME TO CONTRIBUTE TO THIS PAGE!)
*[[Democratic innovation through recognition]]
*[[Digital fabrication]]
*[[Energy and Mobility solutions]]
*[[Experimentation labs]]
*[[Financial practices and instruments]]
*[[Governance and participation processes]]
*[[Governance for urban climate mitigation and adaptation]]
*[[(Impact) evaluation and assessment framework]]
*[[Integral MetaMapping]]
*[[Nature-based solutions]]
**[[Nature-based solutions for climate adaptation]]
**[[Nature-based solutions for health and equality]]
*[[Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy]]
*[[Participatory budgeting]]
*[[Participatory pollination]]
*[[Pathways and scenarios]]
**[[Pathways and scenarios for post-carbon societies]]
*[[Policies and practices for inclusion of disadvantaged groups]]
*[[Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability]]
*[[Regeneration of disused urban land]]
*[[Right to housing]]
*[[Right to the city]] (YOU ARE WELCOME TO CONTRIBUTE TO THIS PAGE!)
*[[Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]]
*[[Smart Cities]]
*[[Social food movements]]
*[[Sustainable food supply chains]]
*[[Sustainable Households]]
*[[Transition towns]]
**[[Municipalities in Transition]]
*[[Urban development through cultural solutions]]

==Other==
* [[Other databases]]

==Templates==
*[[Template for wiki page]]
*[[Description of mapping themes]]

Right to the city (YOU ARE WELCOME TO CONTRIBUTE TO THIS PAGE!)

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Right to the city

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The [https://davidharvey.org/media/righttothecity.pdf right to the city] is far more than a right of individual access to the resources that the city embodies: it is a right to make and remake ourselves and our cities.<ref>//davidharvey.org/media/righttothecity.pdf</ref>

''Everyone is cordially invited to contribute to this wiki page by writing their perspectives and examples about the given topic. This page is a part of [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=Main_Page UrbanA wiki] which is an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database and knowledge source for city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. Check out the [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=Urban_Arena_Wiki:User_guide User guide] to find out more about how to contribute, including links to tips on formatting and editing wiki pages.''

==General introduction to approach==

==Shapes, sizes and applications==

==Relation to UrbanA themes: Cities, sustainability, and justice==

==Narrative of change==

==Transformative potential==

==Illustration==

== Suggested reading==

==References==

[[Category: Approaches]]
[[Category: Multi-stakeholder partnership - policy]]
[[Category: Experimentation labs]]
[[Category: Energy and mobility solutions]]
[[Category: Nature-based solutions for climate adaptation]]
[[Category: Pathways and scenarios for post-carbon societies]]
[[Category: Data collection]]

Degrowth movement (YOU ARE WELCOME TO CONTRIBUTE TO THIS PAGE!)

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Tom.henfrey: Tom.henfrey moved page Degrowth movement (YOU ARE WELCOME TO CONTRIBUTE TO THIS PAGE!) to Degrowth movement: Tidy page name

#REDIRECT [[Degrowth movement]]

Degrowth movement

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Tom.henfrey: Tom.henfrey moved page Degrowth movement (YOU ARE WELCOME TO CONTRIBUTE TO THIS PAGE!) to Degrowth movement: Tidy page name

[https://www.degrowth.info/en/ Degrowth] is a political, economic, and social movement to voluntarily transition towards a just, participatory, and ecologically sustainable society by downscaling production and consumption.<ref>https://www.degrowth.info/en/</ref>

''Everyone is cordially invited to contribute to this wiki page by writing their perspectives and examples about the given topic. This page is a part of [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=Main_Page UrbanA wiki] which is an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database and knowledge source for city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. Check out the [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=Urban_Arena_Wiki:User_guide User guide] to find out more about how to contribute, including links to tips on formatting and editing wiki pages.''

==General introduction to approach==

==Shapes, sizes and applications==

==Relation to UrbanA themes: Cities, sustainability, and justice==

==Narrative of change==

==Transformative potential==

==Illustration==

== Suggested reading==

==References==

[[Category: Approaches]]
[[Category: Reconceptualising urban justice and sustainability]]
[[Category: Pathways and scenarios for post-carbon societies]]
[[Category: Transition towns]]
[[Category: Sharing and cooperatives for urban commons]]

Civil disobedience (YOU ARE WELCOME TO CONTRIBUTE TO THIS PAGE!)

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#REDIRECT [[Civil disobedience]]

Civil disobedience

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[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/civil-disobedience/ Civil disobedience] is a public, non-violent and conscientious breach of law undertaken with the aim of bringing about a change in laws or government policies.<ref>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/civil-disobedience/</ref>

''Everyone is cordially invited to contribute to this wiki page by writing their perspectives and examples about the given topic. This page is a part of [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=Main_Page UrbanA wiki] which is an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database and knowledge source for city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. Check out the [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=Urban_Arena_Wiki:User_guide User guide] to find out more about how to contribute, including links to tips on formatting and editing wiki pages.''

<div style="clear: {{{clear|both}}}; margin-bottom: .5em; float: {{{align|none}}}; {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{align|}}}}} | right | margin-left:2.5em; | {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{align|}}}}} | left | margin-right:2.5em; |  }} }} width: {{{width|auto}}};" {{#if:{{{limit|}}}|class="toclimit-{{{limit|}}}"}}>__TOC__</div>

==General introduction to approach==
[[File:Civil disobedience.jpeg|600px|right]]
Civil disobedience is a form of direction action, which can communicate and illustrate a message more clearly than writing a letter or an article. Citizens use this tactic to confront perceived injustices of governments and corporations alike who often benefit from an imbalance of power. [https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/24721/why-civil-disobedience-works/]

Civil disobedience is a form of public action in which people directly challenge traditional "rules of engagement" and call into question the moral frameworks shaping society. Scholars often think of it having four components - conscientiousness, communication, publicity, non-violence.

*'''Conscientiousness''' - the actors draw attention to laws and policies that they believe warrant re-valuation or rejection.
*'''Communication''' - civil disobedience actions communicate a perspective to the target of the action
*'''Publicity''' - some scholars believe that civil disobedience is only committed in public, openly, and with fair warning to officials. In lieu of fair advanced notice, an actor may take responsibility for the action immediately after it has been taken.
*'''Non-violence''' - while this is a commonly agreed upon principle, defining "violence" is not so easy and there are many types e.g. violence to self, violence to property, or minor violence against others. Furthermore, non-violence does not necessarily mean "no harm."

"There is more agreement amongst thinkers that civil disobedience can be either direct or indirect. In other words, civil disobedients can either breach the law they oppose or breach a law which, other things being equal, they do not oppose in order to demonstrate their protest against another law or policy." [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/civil-disobedience/]

==Shapes, sizes and applications==

==Relation to UrbanA themes: Cities, sustainability, and justice==

==Narrative of change==

Cities' policies and laws can inadvertently, or by design, benefit certain groups of people or businesses to the detriment of other people, businesses, or the planet. Engaging civil disobedience draws attention to and facilitates understanding of these injustices. With increased awareness and knowledge of a problem, comes the opportunity to take action for change.

==Transformative potential==

==Illustration==

== Suggested reading==

==References==

[[Category: Approaches]]

Talk:Citizen science (YOU ARE WELCOME TO CONTRIBUTE TO THIS PAGE!)

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Talk:Citizen science

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Recently, three publications pointed out the difficulty for most people to understand the deep changes in our environment. At first sight, those publications have very little in common. But ultimately, the three converge towards the same conclusion: a link is missing in how to empower urban citizens as full stakeholders in the process of mitigation/adaptation that should improve their well-living and well-being.

The first — To Survive Climate Change, We’ll Need a Better Story — was an article about the Viable Cities programme, the largest research and innovation initiative taken in Sweden in the field of sustainable cities. Their conclusion is beyond dispute: the scientific community may understand the complex concepts of the Anthropocene, but without an appropriate storytelling it will fail to engage people for a simple reason: facts are not enough; we need the right narrative.(1)

The second — How climate-related tipping points can trigger mass migration and social chaos — was written by François Gemenne, director of the Hugo Observatory at the University of Liège, Belgium. He points out that facts and perceptions are independent tipping points, in particular when assessing the social consequences of climate change. Commonly, a tipping point is a tiny perturbation that may alter the whole stability of a system. The theory of tipping points has been recently used to refer to climate change, but as explained by the author, it often overlooks the role of inequalities, perceptions, governance, solidarity networks, and cultural values in their evaluation of the future social impacts of climate change.(2)

The third event was the emergence of The Freaks, a collective representing 68 French artists and prominent representatives of the cultural scene committed to 42 steps to ‘save the planet’. Some of them did reconsider our current consumption paradigm, others did not and, except for one, all of them were individual recommendations. No need to say that this initiative is welcome; but the legitimate question is whether it might better impact community awareness of climate change than the continuous warnings of climate experts’? (3)

Paradoxically, experts recognize the importance of including civil society as stakeholders, as shown by the emergence of ‘Citizen Science’. Though laudable, this approach is most of the time ‘thought by experts for experts’ with no obvious operational application at the citizen’s level. Some independent initiatives gathering either experts or artists have been shown to play an active role in developing community awareness on matters related to urban resilience. But few have brought experts and artists together. This argues in favour of a joint commitment between artists and experts to improve understanding of urban resilience

(1)To Survive Climate Change, We’ll Need a Better Story, by Feargus O’Sullivan and published by CityLab (11/11/19), features Per Grankvist, chief storyteller for Sweden’s Viable Cities programme. Grankvist’s job is to communicate the realities of day-to-day living in a carbon-neutral world.

(2)How climate-related tipping points can trigger mass migration and social chaos, by François Gemenne, director of the Hugo Observatory at the University of Liège, was published by Perry World House, the University of Pennsylvania’s hub for global engagement, for a regular column for Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (8/11/19).

(3)The Freaks is a collective of artists and personalities who are committed to adopting new behaviours to fight against over-consumption, pollution, global warming and protect biodiversity

Citizen science (YOU ARE WELCOME TO CONTRIBUTE TO THIS PAGE!)

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#REDIRECT [[Citizen science]]

Citizen science

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[https://www.citizenscience.org/ Citizen science] is the involvement of the public in scientific research – whether community-driven research or global investigations.<ref>https://www.citizenscience.org/</ref>

This page is part of an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database, which collects relevant approaches that can be used by city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. It is based mainly on knowledge generated in EU-funded projects and touches on fast changing fields. As such, this page makes no claims of authoritative completeness and welcomes your suggestions. Check out the [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=Urban_Arena_Wiki:User_guide User guide] to find out more about how to contribute, including links to tips on formatting and editing wiki pages.''

==General introduction to approach==

Citizen science is research conducted entirely or in part by members of the general public, usually on a volunteer basis. It is related to "participatory science" and "public participation in scientific research." Citizen scientists, amateur scientists, collect and analyse data [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=Data_collection]. Sometimes they collaborate with academic or professional scientists and sometimes they act alone.

Citizen scientists help expand the range and opportunities for data collection and provide community members with more direct access to information. The process helps foster relationships between professional researchers and the general public, inspires curiosity and greater understanding of science, and can make research projects more relevant and applicable to daily life.<ref>http://lab.cccb.org/en/citizen-science-for-social-change/</ref>

==Shapes, sizes and applications==

Citizen science can take place on a local, national, or international scale. It can involve "big data" and crowdsourcing[https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=Crowdsourcing] information on any scale (local to global). It can also involve collecting data on a scale or in different places that might otherwise not be available to scientists.

The European Citizen Science Association <ref>https://ecsa.citizen-science.net/</ref> articulates ten guiding principles <ref>https://ecsa.citizen-science.net/sites/default/files/ecsa_ten_principles_of_citizen_science.pdf</ref> for consideration when utilizing citizen science:

#Citizen science projects actively involve citizens in scientific endeavours that generate new knowledge or understanding.
#Citizen science projects have a genuine science outcom.
#Both the professional scientists and the citizen scientists benefit from taking part.
#Citizent scientists may, if they wish, participate in multiple stages of the scientific process.
#Citizen scientists receive feedback from the project.
#Citizen science is considered a research approach lik any other, with limitations and biases that should be considered and controlled for.
#Citizen science project data and meta-data are made publicly available and where possible, results are published in an open access format.
#Citizen scientists are acknowledged in project results and publications.
#Citizen science programmes are evaluated for their scientific output, data quality, participant experience and wider societal or policy impact.
#The leaders of citizen science projects take into consideration legal and ethical issues surrounding copyright, intellectual property, data sharing agreements, confidentiality, attribution, and the environmental impact of any activities.

==Relation to UrbanA themes: Cities, sustainability, and justice==

Citizen science increases participation in the scientific process, knowledge creation and dissemination. Citizen science addresses two central elements of the social good model—environmental justice and inclusion with particular attention to diversity in age, gender, race/ethnicity, and social class in addressing environmental injustice that is more prevalent in underrepresented communities. <ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1049731519890404</ref> Depending on the exact methodology, citizen science can include voices and people who would not be heard using other methodologies. Furthermore, it can bring the results directly to the community impacted and implicated in the research, shortening the timeline between problem identification, solution finding, and interventions. This has implications for environmental and social justice, and the relationship between the two, within cities.

==Narrative of change==

Citizen science is research inspired by a desire for change. It expands the scientific model of the 20th century that relegated science to academics and their institutions. The process directly responds to citizens' concerns and can take into consideration their perspectives and expertise. By identifying citizens as scientists, not solely participants, they are empowered to actively contribute to knowledge creation and promotion. Through the process and results local networks can be strengthened and valuable relationship created, which will have long-term benefits for the community.

==Transformative potential==

Local people understand their local environment and can access it better than most people. Citizen scientists become stewards of their local environments as they gather robust data that generates environmental insights and informs future policy. <ref>https://monocle-h2020.eu/Citizen_science</ref>

Citizen science can complement and augment standard scientific approaches, for example by collecting data on a different scale or in places that are not normally accessible for scientists. Citizens hold different knowledge, eg about crucial local context, and the history and impact of environmental issues. Working with citizens opens up new perspectives that can lead to breakthrough insights and solutions. <ref>https://earthwatch.org.uk/our-science/citizen-science</ref>

Data collected by volunteers has contributed to vital scientific discovery in the fields of ecology, medicine, physics, meteorology and various environmental science disciplines. Harnessing the power of citizen science gives scientists the opportunity to gather more data than they ever could alone, gain a greater understanding of how we're impacting our planet.<ref>https://monocle-h2020.eu/Citizen_science</ref>

==Illustration==

'''D-Noses''' <ref>https://dnoses.eu/</ref>, distributed network for odour sensing empowerment and sustainability, Empowers citizens with Responsible Research and Innovation, citizen science and co-creation tools to design odour pollution control measures at local, national and global levels with CSOs, NGOs, local public authorities, odour emitting industries and academia. They are piloting 10 European and non European studies and will create DIY guidelines. The project is funded by Horizon 2020.

'''Monocle'''<ref>https://monocle-h2020.eu/Citizen_science</ref> partners are developing low-cost optical sensors, methods and technologies to support water quality monitoring by regional and national agencies. In addition to their own research programme they are exploring the role local communities and volunteers (led by MONOCLE partner Earthwatch Europe) can play in collecting essential environmental data to complement existing monitoring networks, evaluate the performance of in-situ sensors, and the role citizens can play in the maintenance and deployment of sensors. Funded by Horizon 2020.

== Suggested reading==

==References==

[[Category: Approaches]]
[[Category: Participatory pollination]]
[[Category: Digital fabrication]]
[[Category: Democratic innovation through recognition]]
[[Category: Nature-based solutions for climate adaptation]]
[[Category: Regeneration of disused urban land]]
[[Category: Community gardens and food]]

Database of drivers of injustice

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This database consists of the summaries of results of an in-depth study on the drivers and manifestations of urban injustice related to sustainability.

==Addressing justice in urban sustainability==

Justice is understood here as a variegated set of conditions ― substantially concerned with distribution of resources, political processes, and social recognition ― that allows for full human flourishing. If conditions within a given society systematically support some, but hinder other individuals or groups with regard to basic flourishing (i.e. thriving within reasonable limits) according to achievable outcomes that they value in order to live a healthy and fulfilled life, then that society is to some degree unjust (see for example the work of Fraser, 2005 <ref> Fraser, N. (2005). Mapping the feminist imagination: From redistribution to recognition to representation. Constellations, 12(3), 295–307. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511619205.002 </ref>; Nussbaum, 2000 <ref>Nussbaum, M. (2000). Women’s capabilities and social justice. Journal of Human Development, 1(2), 219–247.</ref>; Schlosberg, 2013 <ref>Schlosberg, D. (2013). Theorising environmental justice: the expanding sphere of a discourse. Environmental Politics, 22(1), 37–55.</ref>).

Manifestations and drivers of injustice are not only seen as a challenge to be addressed by urban sustainability, but also – in certain circumstances – as a potential undesirable outcome of efforts meant to accomplish urban sustainability. Urban sustainability efforts aspiring to address the current and future needs of society call for greater attention to questions of and claims for justice, as those needs are being shaped by deeply political processes and differential access to resources while also being unequally recognised in society. The challenge remains in how to make urban neighbourhoods greener, healthier, more sustainable and more liveable, while protecting the right to housing, public space, and healthy amenities, for all.

==Drivers of injustice in the context of urban sustainability==

[[File:All drivers graphic logos.jpg|1000px|thumb|left|10 drivers of injustice in the context of urban sustainability]]
 

This study identified ten drivers of injustice which manifest, arise or are being exacerbated, in the context of urban sustainability efforts.

# [[Exclusive access to the benefits of sustainability infrastructure]]
# [[Material and livelihood inequalities]]
# [[Racialized or ethnically exclusionary urbanization]]
# [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]]
# [[Uneven environmental health and pollution patterns]]
# [[Unfit institutional structures]]
# [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]]
# [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]]
# [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism]]
# [[Weak(ened) civil society]]

==Methodology followed==

In the framework of the UrbanA project, we examined 43 relevant EU-funded research projects, taking place since the mid-2000s, and conducted a meta-analysis of their findings [[https://urban-arena.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/D4.1_Drivers-and-manifestations-of-injustice_final.pdf]].

The selection of projects and materials built on a previous extensive mapping of different '''[[Database of approaches|approaches]]''' towards sustainability and justice, evidenced and studied in Europe through a broader sample of 350 EU-funded research projects. Data used to develop the database on the drivers of injustice included: deliverables; policy briefs; reports on events; academic and non-academic publications, and was combined with targeted interviews with core researchers in those projects.

The drivers presented in this database formed the basis of discussions at the second UrbanA Arena event, taking place online on June 4th and 5th 2020, and organized by the [http://www.bcnuej.org/| Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability]. Insights were added to complement the information in the [[Media:Booklet of summaries Arena.pdf|summary booklet]] prepared for the Arena, and current wiki entries are open for further additions and refinement, as part of our broader call for co-creation of the UrbanA knowledge commons on sustainable and just cities.

Short [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2aU90IXiBPs&list=PLjbNPZqbaFXxg-RG_wYebOPp-MFhoGgLc| video summaries] of each driver are also available on the UrbanA Youtube account.

==References==

Cities, justice, sustainability and covid-19

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The current covid-19 crisis has exposed severe inequities in European urban areas while showing the fragility of an unsustainable growth-oriented economic system. In this page, the [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=UrbanA_Community_of_Practice UrbanA's Community of Practice] has collected resources which intersect the covid-19 crisis with issues of justice, sustainability and urbanizations.

But from the darkness, we are seeing the best of the human spirit. We are seeing an explosion of community responses, at all levels. People are connecting, supporting each other, developing practical solidarity solutions to best respond to the crisis. From the very low-tech to super hi-tech, hanging a door off a lamp post in New Zealand as a community noticeboard to hackers in maker spaces designing and building medical apparatus.

This page is part of an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database, which collects relevant approaches that can be used by city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. This page makes no claims of authoritative completeness and welcomes your suggestions.

== Summary ==
The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus. The disease causes respiratory illness (like the flu) with symptoms such as a cough, fever, and in more severe cases, difficulty breathing. The outbreak was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019, and was recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020.<ref>WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 11 March 2020". World Health Organization. 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020</ref> Since February 2020 the problem worsened in Europe and on March 13th the WHO declared Europe the new epicentre of the pandemic.<ref>Europe 'now epicentre of coronavirus pandemic'. BBC News. 13 March 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51876784</ref> Quickly states of emergency were declared and European cities, regions and countries began to go into lockdown. Especially hit was firstly Italy<ref>What towns in Italy are on lockdown because of coronavirus? Metro, 25 February 2020. https://metro.co.uk/2020/02/25/towns-italy-lockdown-coronavirus-12298246/</ref>, where its death toll was likened to a war,<ref>'This is like a war': view from Italy's coronavirus frontline. The Guardian, 17 Mar 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/17/this-is-like-a-war-view-from-italys-coronavirus-frontline</ref> then Spain, <ref>Coronavirus: Spain declares state of emergency. Irish Times. March 14, 2020. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/coronavirus-spain-declares-state-of-emergency-1.4203428</ref> where 514 people died on a single day from the virus.<ref>Coronavirus death toll in Spain overtakes China. The Guardian, 25 Mar 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/25/coronavirus-death-toll-in-spain-overtakes-china-as-lockdowns-extend-across-globe</ref> Daily statistics of confirmed Cases and Deaths by Country, Territory, or Conveyance are available on Worldometer.<ref>Worldometer: Confirmed Cases and Deaths by Country, Territory, or Conveyance of the Coronavirus https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries</ref> As the situation worsens, more communities are beginning to self organise, support each other, understand what can be done to alleviate the impact of the virus, thereby "flattening the curve"<ref>Covid-19 outbreak: what do health experts mean by 'flattening the curve'? The Guardian. 10 Mar 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/10/covid-19-coronavirus-flattening-the-curve</ref>, so as emergency services are not pushed beyond their capacity and can best respond to those that need assistance. Arising from this new reality, [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=Main_Page UrbanA] partners began to identify helpful resources to assist themselves and their wider [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=UrbanA_Community_of_Practice UrbanA's Community of Practice]. Many solutions were identified in responses to George Monbiot<ref>Monbiot, George. Covid-19 is nature's wake-up call to complacent civilisation. Wed 25 Mar 2020 https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/25/covid-19-is-natures-wake-up-call-to-complacent-civilisation</ref>'s tweet<ref>George Monbiot: I'm looking for the best examples of citizens' initiatives on the Covid19 crisis https://twitter.com/GeorgeMonbiot/status/1243074115763875840</ref> from March 26th:
Advice please.
I'm looking for the best examples of citizens' initiatives on the Covid19 crisis, pre-empting government action, from around the world.
In other words, people working together to contain the pandemic and support each other through it.
Thank you in advance.
Many of the solutions are crowdsourced and rely on citizen participation to quickly grow. Without any prior experience, people can assist at whatever level they feel is appropriate. The Coronavirus Tech Handbook group are seeking translators.<ref>Coronavirus Tech Handbook - translation https://coronavirustechhandbook.com/translation</ref>

== Coping with the Crisis ==
=== COVID-19 Live updates ===
* European cities respond to the coronavirus crisis / [https://covidnews.eurocities.eu/ EUROCITIES]
* Available for everyone, funded by readers / [https://www.theguardian.com/world/coronavirus-outbreak The Guardian]

=== Handbooks ===
* Coronavirus Tech Handbook<ref>Coronavirus Tech Handbook https://coronavirustechhandbook.com/home</ref>
A crowdsourced library for technologists, civic organizations, public and private institutions, researchers, educators and specialists of all kinds to collaborate on an agile and sophisticated response to the coronavirus outbreak and sequential impacts. It is a rapidly evolving resource with thousands of active expert contributors. In 8 languages.
* #AloneTogether Handbook: Regenerative Resources in a Time of Coronavirus<ref>Extinction Rebellion UK (XR). #AloneTogether Handbook: Regenerative Resources in a Time of Coronavirus. Accesssed March 26 2020 https://docs.google.com/document/d/16eLNGF-2GEUkAzZQXGNp5uy22nbXBBmGrz6MYgDBq1w/edit</ref>
The UK Extinction Rebellion (XR) community<ref>Extinction Rebellion UK https://rebellion.earth/</ref> have been evolving and developing resources and tools to help navigate the climate and ecological emergency which are of deep relevance as we face this planetary health crisis. The handbook has been created to offer communities support in building resilience to the crises, staying connected with each other.

=== Coping Advice ===
* How to Protect Yourself and Prepare for the Coronavirus / [https://www.nytimes.com/article/prepare-for-coronavirus.html New York Times]
* Feeling overwhelmed? Top tips for staying positive online during the coronavirus crisis / [https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/19/world/coronavirus-stay-positive-online-scli-intl-wellness/index.html CNN]

==== Advice for Academics ====
* Twitter thread for Academic peeps / [https://twitter.com/ProfAishaAhmad/status/1240284544667996163 Dr Aisha Ahmad]
# Play the long game. Your peers who are trying to work as normal right now are going to burn out fast. They're doomed. Make a plan with a longer vision.
# Your top priority is to stabilize and control your immediate home environment. Ensure your pantry has sensible supplies. Clean your house. Make a coordinated family plan. Feeling secure about your own emergency preparedness will free up mental space.
# Any work that can be simplified, minimized, and flushed: FLUSH IT. Don't design a fancy new online course. It will suck & you will burn out. Choose the simplest solution for you & your students, with min admin. Focus on getting students feeling empowered & engaged.
# Give yourself a proper mental adjustment window. The first few days in a disaster zone are always a write-off. But if you give yourself that essential window, your body and mind WILL adjust to the new normal. Without that mental shift, you'll fall on your face.
# AFTER you experience the mental shift, build a schedule. Make a routine. Put it on a weekly calendar with time blocks. Wake up early. Put the most important parts first: food, family, fitness. Priority 1 is a stable home. Then add windows for achievable work goals.
# Cooperate with your brain. For me, I need to ease into heavy-duty academic writing. So I do admin in the morning, and then dip my toe into papers and book projects around noon. Tick off accomplishments, no matter how small. Trust and support your mental shift.
# It's unreasonable to demand your body & brain do the same things under higher stress conditions. Some people can write in a war zone. I cannot. I wait until I get back. But I can do other really useful things under high stress conditions. Support your continuing mental shift.
# This phenomenon should change how we understand the world. So let this distract you from your work. Because the world is supposed to be our work. May this crisis dismantle all our faulty assumptions and force us into new terrain.
# And finally, we can check on our neighbours, reach out to isolated people, and volunteer or donate as we can. Because at the end of the day, our papers can wait.

* Academia in the Time of Covid-19: Our Chance to Develop an Ethics of Care / [http://www.bcnuej.org/2020/03/31/academia-in-the-time-of-covid-19-our-chance-to-develop-an-ethics-of-care/ Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCN.UEJ)]
* Global Manifesto on Academic Praxis during and after Covid-19 / [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QXGxjVMzBBfCvdG2WoeqDwg-rCcJsEFN_Rxs373a5KA/edit?pli=1 Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCN.UEJ)] [https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6650675170522525696 via UrbanA Community of Practice]
* Social Research for a COVID and Post-COVID World: An Initial Agenda / [https://medium.com/@deborahalupton/social-research-for-a-covid-and-post-covid-world-an-initial-agenda-796868f1fb0e Deborah Lupton, MEDIUM]
* "A few recommendations for the moment, a Coronavirus Care Package, as it were", from SocMedAnthro's Anthropology of Mental Health Interest Group / [http://amhig.medanthro.net/amhig-coronavirus-statement-this-is-not-fine-its-ok-if-youre-not-fine/ This is *Not Fine. It’s OK If You’re *Not Fine] [https://twitter.com/culanth/status/1243635654132666373 Tweet]

== Community Responses ==
* Resources for civil society in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic<ref>Resources for civil society in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. CIVICUS https://www.civicus.org/index.php/media-resources/news/blog/4345-resources-for-civil-society-in-the-midst-of-the-covid-19-pandemic</ref>. From CIVICUS, a global alliance of civil society organisations and activists dedicated to strengthening citizen action and civil society throughout the world.
Defending civil society, democratic rights, and our fundamental freedoms can be challenging, let alone having to do it while under “lockdown” practicing social distancing in the midst of a global health crisis spreading rapidly across the world. In times like these, solidarity and social compassion play the most important role. To help connect and inform the alliance and civil society during this time, we will be collecting information, resources, and support to share.
* City of Barcelona has organised a space for sharing local neighborhood cultural, educational, or care-based initiatives, and make confinement more bearable. / [https://www.decidim.barcelona/assemblies/BCNdesdecasa?utm_source=www.decidim.barcelona&utm_campaign=newsletter_40 decidim.barcelona]
* ITF Public Transport updates: Working people in public transport, through their unions, have been taking action to keep passengers and workers safe, and to keep networks running for everyone / [https://www.itfglobal.org/en/sector/urban-transport/around-the-world International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF) Updates]
* Wemunity.org: Open source project exploring how immunized citizens can be utilized strategically in response to viral epidemics / [https://wemunity.org/ Wemunity.org]
* Belgrade Anti-Corona Zone, volunteers offer virtual coffee meetups, crisis counselling, yoga, etc / [https://antikoronazona.rs/ Belgrade Anti-Corona Zone]
* Solidarity in times of corona in Belgium. VUB uses questionnaire to map how citizens are helping each other / [https://press.vub.ac.be/solidarity-in-times-of-corona-in-belgium# Vrije Universiteit Brussel]

=== Databases and Lists ===
* COVID-19 UK Mutual Aid groups: list / [https://freedomnews.org.uk/covid-19-uk-mutual-aid-groups-a-list/ Freedom News]
* Directory of wonderful country initiatives in and around Dublin (Ireland) / [https://dublininquirer.com/projects/neighbours/ Dublin Inquirer]
* Help With Covid: Projects looking for volunteers. New or established projects helping with the COVID-19 crisis that need help / [https://helpwithcovid.com/ Help With Covid]
* Kitajaga: “One stop shop” (Malaysia). Malaysians Helping Malaysians Fight Covid19. Citizen initiatives to help vulnerable communities, frontliners and civil society / [http://kitajaga.us Kitajaga]
* Cities for Global Health. Platform co-led by Metropolis and the Euro-Latin-American Alliance of Cooperation among Cities, AL-LAs, developed by UCLG and supported by UN-Habitat / [https://www.citiesforglobalhealth.org/ Cities for Global Health]
* COVID-19 Resources for Providers / [https://louhomeless.org/covid-19-resources-for-providers/ Coalition for the homeless]
* SEADS Database of COVID-19 Technologies. Directory to identify existing tech projects, best #DIY designs and technology innovations during the #COVID19 pandemic. Manuals to make personal protective equipment (PPE) / [https://seads.network/covid19-tech SEADS COVID-19 Database]
* Give Back (Ireland) - Directory of free products / services available during COVID-19 / [https://covid19.shanehastings.eu/giveback/ Give Back]
* Dutch online platform to connect people who can help with people in need / [https://gewoonmensendiemensenwillenhelpen.nl/ Gewoon Mensen]
* Coronavirus Third Sector Information Hub (Scotland) / [https://scvo.org/support/coronavirus/ The Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations (SCVO)]
* Community responses to COVID-19 - resources (Scotland) / [Communities Channel Scotland http://www.communityscot.org.uk/news/article/covid-19-and-communities/]
* Foundation for Intentional Community - COVID-19 Resources / [https://www.ic.org/covid-19-resources/ Foundation for Intentional Community (FIC)]
* Viral Solidarity. Open and collaborative wiki to map, connect and organize information channels, solidarity initiatives, innovation and social cooperation from local to global in response to the pandemic / [https://viralsolidarity.org/doku.php?id=wiki:for_english_speakers Viral Solidarity] [https://twitter.com/commonspolis/status/1245745903874572294 Tweet]

=== Community Communications ===
* (Waipu, New Zealnad) Door stuck to a street sign where people can post messages of support, or request help or offer help / [https://twitter.com/SwitcherNZ/status/1243077012102606848 Rory (SwitcherNZ) on Twitter]
* Ticks and crosses: Village’s novel way of tackling Covid-19 (Ballachulish, Highlands, Scotland, UK) / [https://news.stv.tv/feature/ticks-and-crosses-villages-novel-way-of-tackling-covid-19?top STV Scottish News]
* The Ilfracombe town crier, North Devon, UK / [https://vimeo.com/401595446 Ilfracombe town crier]

=== Deliveries ===
* Local running group are working with pharmacies to deliver medication to vulnerable people (Bedminster, Bristol, UK) / [https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/drug-runners-keep-medicines-moving-during-lockdown-5khm9lxxj The Times: Drug runners keep medicines moving during lockdown]
* Localsupport.ie: Irish community volunteers ready to safely deliver food/meds to those in isolation / [https://localsupport.ie/ Local Support]

=== Feeding Ourselves ===
* Neighbours group purchasing (Bath, UK). Reaching out to local producers and organising weekly bulk orders for 50+ homes to minimise essential travel / [https://twitter.com/awjre/status/1242954988315344901 Adam Reynolds on Twitter]:
# Get neighbours on WhatsApp.
# Have one house happy to sort house deliveries and handle money.
# Reach out to wholesalers/producers for delivered price.
# Copy this spreadsheet and fill in item prices & share in group. [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ifInBx0uA5KU015d3-I9g_92Qhx71_kGHnPUI-7B-AU/edit?usp=sharing Googe Docs example]
# Order & distribute.
* Feed the Heroes (Ireland). Raising money and sourcing suppliers to send food to the hardworking teams in the HSE (national health system) and hospitals around Ireland / [https://feedtheheroes.wordpress.com/ Feed The Heroes]
* Open Food Network (OFN): Open source, not-for-profit, online platform, which allows food producers to sell directly through a virtual farmers market / [https://www.openfoodnetwork.org/ Open Food Network]
* Helpful Neighbours (Australia) Whether it’s picking up groceries, a friend needing a place to self isolate, or even a phone call / [https://www.helpfulneighbours.com.au/ Helpful Neighbours]
* Food Supply Anxiety Brings Back Victory Gardens / [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/dining/victory-gardens-coronavirus.html New York Times]
* Co-op Gardens Commission - 2020 COVID19 Response / [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeHI-iao5LZBYlR1Ow280_tihjOBHXdAtG_L6sbi7mYaJX3aw/viewform Cooperative Garden Commissions]

=== Educating ===
* Teachers everywhere are doing things to support vulnerable children and families / [https://teachforall.org/news/keeping-communities-safe-and-learning Teach For All]

=== Staying at home with Kids and Family ===
* The 10 best family board games to play during coronavirus lockdown / [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/family/life/best-classic-board-games-play-family-cluedo-monopoly-coronavirus/ The Telegraph]
* 7 top platforms to keep the kids occupied while you work from home / [https://hubbublabs.com/startup-academy/covid19-work-from-home-kids/ hubbublabs]
* Balcony bingo takes off across Dublin for Mother's Day / [https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/coronavirus/balcony-bingo-takes-off-across-dublin-for-mother-s-day-1.4209414 Irish Times] [https://twitter.com/Merriganmania/status/1241074728816857089 twitter vid : Up the flats, playing the Bingo]
* 'Surrogate' gran wins kids hearts with online bedtime stories / [https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/surrogate-gran-wins-kids-hearts-with-online-bedtime-stories-989387.html Irish Examiner] [https://www.rte.ie/radio/radioplayer/html5/#/radio1/11170243 RTE radio interview, from 1hr 52 mins] [https://www.facebook.com/theirishhorselife/ Vids at Irish Horse Life FB]
* The Great Irish Lock In. A virtual tour around a much loved Dublin pub over a few drinks and a chat / [https://twitter.com/publinie/status/1243118185924235264 Publin.ie]
* Hundred thousand getting together for a virtual pub quiz on Facebook live / [https://www.facebook.com/events/649536262488918 Virtual Pub Quiz]
* Postponed Saint Patricks day in Ireland parade led to the brilliant #RTEVirtualParade home parades / [https://twitter.com/hashtag/RTEVirtualParade?src=hashtag_click Videos on twitter]
* John Creedon's #HooleyInTheKitchen - Irish radio: Another tough day on the planet, but you're invited to lift your spirits with the [https://twitter.com/hashtag/HooleyInTheKitchen?src=hashtag_click&f=live #HooleyInTheKitchen] / [https://twitter.com/johncreedon John Creedon Twitter]

=== Campaigns ===
* Emergency basic income for the EU. Petition / [https://you.wemove.eu/campaigns/emergency-basic-income Universal Basic Income Europe]
* Principles for a just recovery from covid-19. Petition (Global) / [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfnC-uPd61muwtvrdqi3Itr0g4IbilUy477gP5uXWBFohrTGw/viewform 350.org and more]
* The Debt Collective (US) leverages collective power by offering debtors a shared platform for direct action / [https://debtcollective.org/ The Debt Collective]
* Generation Rent (UK) is calling for a temporary halt to all section 21 “no fault” evictions and section 8 evictions for rent arrears. It wants the five-week wait for housing benefit removed, and for rents to be frozen for a year / [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/18/how-uk-government-could-support-people-as-coronavirus-spreads Source] [https://www.generationrent.org/ Generation Rent]
* The Leap (US). To advance systemic change in the face of the intersecting crises of climate change, racism & inequality. Founded by Naomi Klein and Avi Lewis / [https://theleap.org/ The Leap]
* Citizens Advice (UK) proposed a “crisis minimum income” of at least £180 a week so everyone has enough money “to protect their own health and the health of others” / [https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/ Citizens Advice]
* Suspend Rents and relocate people evicted and / or those sleeping in the street (Portugal) #SuspenderAsRendas / [https://www.change.org/p/pela-suspens%C3%A3o-das-rendas-e-realojamento-das-pessoas-despejadas-e-ou-a-dormir-na-rua?signed=true Petition] [https://twitter.com/ColectivoHabita/status/1239189348358250496 Tweet]
* Stop Evictions - The Netherlands / [https://bit.ly/woonpetitie Petition]
* Uplift petition for a Universal Basic Income (Ireland) / [https://my.uplift.ie/petitions/emergency-call-for-universal-basic-income Uplift]

== Tech Solutions ==
=== Communicating online / remotely / blended arenas ===
A major consequence of the virus is that while people are under self isolation, groups are having to use online communication tools for conferences, music festivals, family calls, quizzes, choral singing... For many, this is experimental territory, much learning by praxis. Urban Future identify various online tools<ref>Urban-Future: Our favourite online communication tools. 23. March 2020. http://www.urban-future.org/2020/03/23/our-favourite-online-communication-tools</ref>, ECOLISE's Nenad explains the details of "Blended Arenas"<ref>Maljković, Nenad. ECOLISE Remote-ready. For a blended event, BYOD. Nov 12, 2019. https://medium.com/urban-arenas-for-sustainable-and-just-cities/for-a-blended-event-byod-b71afa91eb5</ref> (which is a core of the UrbanA process) and DRIFT<ref>DRIFT (The Dutch Research Institute For Transitions): The art of connecting online: 7 social innovation insights https://drift.eur.nl/the-art-of-connecting-online-7-social-innovation-insights/</ref> share 7 social innovation insights insights for the art of connecting online (for online team meetings of 5-30 people):
# Be fully present.
# Treat it like a face to face meeting.
# Check-in & check-out.
# Share responsibilities.
# Share your screen/ slides/ notes.
# Be flexible and trust human creativity.
# Go offline.

* How to Cultivate Meaningful Online Gatherings / [https://medium.com/converge-perspectives/meaningful-online-gatherings-2c87ac7738c4 David Ehrlichman / Converge — Perspectives]

==== Online events ====
Here is a list of upcoming and past online streamed events and conferences. After the stream, an archive is normally kept at the same link. Events ordered by date:

* 1st UrbanA online Community Conversation, 7 April 15h-16h30 CET. UrbanA Fellow João Dinis: Accelerating Urban Transition Division, Cascais Ambiente, Portugal / [https://twitter.com/arena_urban/status/1237090164297654273 UrbanA]
* VIRAL OPEN SPACE. Online Social Forum on the Corona Crisis. Let's make solidarity more contagious than the virus! 29-30 March 2020 / [https://www.viralopenspace.net/timetable/ VIRAL OPEN SPACE]
* Covid-19 Special Online Workshop: Regenerative Community Design – Responding to the Planetary Emergency. 27-29 March / [https://ecovillage.org/online/ Global Ecovillage Network]
* Fridays4future #TalksForFuture #1: 27 March 2020, 14h GMT: Greta Thunberg, Naomi Klein + WHO climate change & health leader Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum / [https://www.facebook.com/FridaysForFuture.org/videos/630012731115620/ video] [https://twitter.com/Fridays4future/status/1242679443577020416 Tweet]
* Coronavirus Capitalism — and How to Beat It. Naomi Klein, Astra Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor. Thursday, March 26, 2020 21h GMT. / [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lxwLHRKaB0 video] [https://twitter.com/haymarketbooks/status/1242487196277510144 haymarket books][https://theintercept.com/2020/03/16/coronavirus-capitalism/ Related Article]
* Ecovillages and the Coronavirus Pandemic: how communities are supporting each other in time of crisis. Global Ecovillage Network (20-22 Mar) / [https://www.facebook.com/GlobalEcovillageNetwork/videos/519610645656807/ Global Ecovillage Network on FB]
* #UrbanLunchTalks, Mar 20: Urban Dilemmas + Governance / [https://twitter.com/JPIUrbanEurope/status/1235519854116892673 JPIUrbanEurope]
* Cooperative City special event: Collaborative and solidarity practices in European cities during COVID-19 outbreak. Friday 20.03.2020 at 17:00 CET / [https://www.facebook.com/cooperativecity.org/videos/202268507718677/ Video]

=== Mapping Tools ===
* COVID-19 Mutual Aid UK. Map of local groups / [https://covidmutualaid.org/local-groups/ Mutual Aid UK]
* Flatten The Curve: Maps all citizen initiatives in Spain / [https://frenalacurva.net/ Flatten The Curve]
* Crowdfight COVID-19: initiative from the scientific community to put all available resources at the service of the fight against COVID-19 / [https://crowdfightcovid19.org/ Crowdfight COVID-19]
* Safecast Testing Map. Citizens network based in SF and Japan (building on Fukushima experience) / [https://safecast.org/covid19/ Safecast Testing Map]
* Taiwan’s app to track local mask supplies amid coronavirus pandemic / [https://www.scmp.com/video/china/3074960/taiwans-app-track-local-mask-supplies-amid-coronavirus-pandemic South China Morning Post]
* ESRI COVID19 Maps, resources, and insights, GIS solutions. / [https://www.esri.com/en-us/covid-19/overview ESRI]

=== Making Things ===
* OxVent: Could this prototype ventilator save thousands of lives? / [https://theface.com/life/oxvent-prototype-ventilator-health-nhs-covid-19 OxVent]
* Scientists in Bangladesh develop $3 virus testing kit / [https://www.arabnews.com/node/1644581/world Arab News]
* Uruguay: Mechanical artificial respirator that can be quickly manufactured with Uruguayan electronics and supplies / [https://www.montevideo.com.uy/Mujer-y-salud/Un-grupo-de-uruguayos-liderado-por-Roberto-Canessa-desarrolla-el-respirador-charrua--uc748112 Montevideo Portal (in Spanish)] [https://twitter.com/aqcuadipazzo/status/1243195235133505536 Related Tweet]
* Pantibar's door (Ireland's Queen places washing station on outside of closed bar door) / [https://twitter.com/PantiBliss/status/1240989375263105025 PantiBliss]
* Online sewing community. Organising themselves to sew and deliver masks and scrubs to any healthworkers / [https://sewing.patternreview.com/review/pattern/163451 Pattern Review]
* Covid-19 crisis shows governments must open eyes to our 3D future (Scotland) / [https://www.thenational.scot/news/18341411.covid-19-crisis-shows-governments-must-open-eyes-3d-future/ The National]
* Pangloss Labs (Geneva, Switzerland/ Ferney-Voltaire, France): Local fablab lists of citizen's initiatives in the maker community / [https://panglosslabs.org/pangloss-labs-and-covid19/ Pangloss Labs]
* Fashion designers step up to fill need for protective suits for COVID-19 frontliners / [https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/3/25/Fashion-designers-protective-gear-frontliners-COVID-19.html CNN Philippines]
* Just One Giant Lab (JOGL): OpenCovid19 Initiative: Program to collectively develop open-source and low-cost tools and methodologies that are safe and easy to use to fight the Covid19 Pandemic. Anyone can play a role! / [https://app.jogl.io/program/opencovid19#projects Just One Giant Lab (JOGL)]
* Covid-19 crisis shows governments must open eyes to our 3D future (Scotland). This week, a hospital and a school in Lochaber used a 3D printer to make protective visors & hinted at our post-Corona socio-economic model. It's called "cosmo-localism" / [https://www.thenational.scot/news/18341411.covid-19-crisis-shows-governments-must-open-eyes-3d-future/ The National]
* D.I.Y. Coronavirus Solutions Are Gaining Steam. From Ireland to Seattle, makers and engineers are creating open-source versions of much-needed medical equipment / [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/31/science/coronavirus-masks-equipment-crowdsource.html New York Times]
* Medtronic shares ventilator design publicly to increase production / [https://www.irishtimes.com/business/health-pharma/medtronic-shares-ventilator-design-publicly-to-increase-production-1.4215766 Irish Times]
* American architects mobilise to make coronavirus face shields for hospital workers / [https://www.dezeen.com/2020/03/29/american-architects-coronavirus-face-shields-hospital-workers/ Dezeen]
* This village for the homeless just got a new addition: 3D-printed houses / [https://www.fastcompany.com/90469488/this-village-for-the-homeless-just-got-a-new-addition-3d-printed-houses Fast Company]
* Design: United Nations Releases Global Call to Creatives with an Open Brief to Create Content Addressing Key COVID-19 Health Messages / [https://www.adobomagazine.com/global-news/design-united-nations-releases-global-call-to-creatives-with-an-open-brief-to-create-content-addressing-key-covid-19-health-messages/ Adobo Magazine]

=== Hackathons, Hacker Solutions ===
* The Corona Virus Hackathon, 18—19 April 2020 (Global) How do we make the world better after COVID-19? / [https://www.thecoronavirushackathon.com/ The Corona Virus Hackathon]
* Hackathon Virtual - Una respuesta al Covid-19. #VenceAlVirus (04-05 april - Beat the Virus). Comunidad de Madrid (Madrid Council) / [https://vencealvirus.org Madrid Council]
* HACK THE CRISIS: Virtual hackathon organised by volunteers from the Lithuanian government, corporates & startup community. (march 20-22 / [https://hackthecrisis.lt HACK THE CRISIS]
* Shield 48 (Latvia): decentralized network of partners who could provide face shields for those who are in need. From a Latvian 48h Hackathon / [https://shield48.eu/ Shield 48] [https://twitter.com/didzisdejus/status/1241855397432041472 Related Tweet]
* Engineers gather to produce ‘battlefield’ ventilator in war on Covid-19. An intensive two-week Galway hackathon has produced a prototype design (Ireland) / [https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/engineers-gather-to-produce-battlefield-ventilator-in-war-on-covid-19-1.4215049 Irish Times]
* O #vfablab também está a contribuir com o que pode para ajudar a proteger os nossos profissionais de saúde! Iscte University Lisbon Fablab creating medical ware / [https://www.facebook.com/Vfablab/posts/3458400897508710 VFABLAB on FB]

== Blogs and Media analysis ==

=== Solidarity Perspective ===
* Community-led responses to the pandemic / [https://medium.com/@ecolise/community-led-responses-to-coronavirus-covid19-pandemic-272b73da6212 Nara Petrovic, ECOLISE]
* Covid-19 Mutual Aid: how to help vulnerable people near you / [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/16/covid-19-mutual-aid-how-to-help-the-vulnerable-near-you The Guardian]
I’m worried about vulnerable people in my community who may have to self-isolate or quarantine, especially those who do not have family nearby. How can I help them?
* Solidarity in a Time of Social Distancing / [https://www.commondreams.org/views/2020/03/21/solidarity-time-social-distancing Common Dreams]
* A pandemic of solidarity? This is how people are supporting one another as coronavirus spreads / [https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/covid-19-coronavirus-solidarity-help-pandemic/ World Economic Forum]
* Coronavirus and community activism / [https://theecologist.org/2020/mar/06/coronavirus-and-community-activism The Ecologist]
* Compassion, cooperation, courage, choice / [https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/29490/covid-19-compassion-cooperation-courage-choice/ Greenpeace International]
* Collective effort is the only way through this crisis. By Una Mullally / [https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/una-mullally-collective-effort-is-the-only-way-through-this-crisis-1.4203613 Irish Times]
* Care in the Time of Covid-19 / [https://antipodeonline.org/2020/03/10/care-in-the-time-of-covid-19/ Antipode Online]
* Coronavirus: the need for a progressive internationalist response / [https://www.tni.org/en/article/coronavirus-the-need-for-a-progressive-internationalist-response The Transnational Institute (TNI)]
* In Tough times, Our Community Becomes Our Safety Net / [https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2020/3/20/in-these-tough-times-our-community-becomes-our-safety-net Strong Towns]
* Cuban Doctors Head to Italy to Battle Coronavirus / [https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/03/22/world/europe/22reuters-health-coronavirus-cuba.html New York Times]
* Compassion During Coronavirus: How Is Your Community Responding to COVID-19? / [https://www.yesmagazine.org/dear-readers/2020/03/19/compassion-during-coronavirus-covid-19-community-response/ Yes Magazine]
* The social support networks stepping up in coronavirus-stricken China / [https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oureconomy/social-support-networks-springing-coronavirus-stricken-china/ Open Democracy]
* That discomfort you are feeling is grief / [https://hbr.org/2020/03/that-discomfort-youre-feeling-is-grief Harvard Business Review]
* Developing Community Resilience During the COVID-19 Outbreak / [https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/developing-community-resilience-during-the-covid-19-outbreak ACEs Connection]
* How isolation is bringing a Cornish community closer together / [https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/gallery/how-isolation-bringing-cornish-community-3971573 Cornwall Live]
* Irish doctors return from Australia - ‘You don’t run away from things like this’ / [https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/abroad/irish-doctors-return-from-australia-you-don-t-run-away-from-things-like-this-1.4213048 Irish Times]

=== Cities and Covid-19 ===
* COVID-19 Could Affect Cities for Years. Here Are 4 Ways They’re Coping Now / [https://thecityfix.com/blog/covid-19-affect-cities-years-4-ways-theyre-coping-now-schuyler-null-hillary-smith/ The City Fix. WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities]
* Unequal cities bear the brunt of deadly disease outbreaks / [https://news.trust.org/item/20200217002430-yvuj7/ Thomson Reuters Foundation News]
* We'll Need To Reopen Our Cities. But Not Without Making Changes First / [https://www.citylab.com/equity/2020/03/coronavirus-cities-adapt-future-plan-economy-infrastructure/608908/ CityLab]
* Cities after coronavirus: how Covid-19 could radically alter urban life / [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/26/life-after-coronavirus-pandemic-change-world The Guardian]
* Cities, Climate & COVID-19 / [http://blogs.law.columbia.edu/climatechange/2020/03/26/cities-climate-covid-19/ Sabin Center for Climate Change Law. Columbia University]
* Gangs call curfews as coronavirus hits Rio favelas (Brazil) / [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brazil-favelas-fea/gangs-call-curfews-as-coronavirus-hits-rio-favelas-idUSKBN21B3EV Reuters]
* Greek authorities use COVID-19 lockdown to crack down on self-managed Vio.Me factory / [https://freedomnews.org.uk/greek-authorities-use-covid-19-lockdown-to-crack-down-on-self-managed-vio-me-factory/ Freedom News]
* The NIMBYs of the Coronavirus Crisis / [https://www.citylab.com/perspective/2020/03/coronavirus-fear-covid-19-testing-center-nimby-community/608929/ Citylab]
* Under Coronavirus, Nature Becomes an Essential Service / [https://www.citylab.com/environment/2020/04/coronavirus-nature-urban-parks-outdoor-space-health-anxiety/608860/ Citylab]

=== Gender, Class, Minority Perspectives ===
* We're about to learn a terrible lesson from coronavirus: inequality kills / [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/14/coronavirus-outbreak-inequality-austerity-pandemic Owen Jones, Guardian UK]
* As Coronavirus Deepens Inequality, Inequality Worsens Its Spread / [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/15/world/europe/coronavirus-inequality.html New York Times]
* Amid Pandemic, Homeless New Yorkers Demand Refuge in Vacant Apartments, Hotels / [https://truthout.org/video/amid-pandemic-homeless-new-yorkers-demand-refuge-in-vacant-apartments-hotels/ Truthout / Amy Goodman on Democracy Now!]
* US jails will become death traps in the coronavirus pandemic / [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/30/jails-coronavirus-us-rikers-island The Guardian]
* Domestic violence victims facing higher risks amid coronavirus quarantine / [https://nypost.com/2020/03/28/domestic-violence-victims-facing-higher-risks-amid-coronavirus-quarantine/ New York Post]
* Portugal to treat migrants as residents during coronavirus crisis / [https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-portugal/portugal-to-treat-migrants-as-residents-during-coronavirus-crisis-idUKKBN21F0MC Reuters]
* This is how cities are helping homeless people self-isolate / [https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/homeless-self-isolation-cities-coronavirus/ World Economic Forum]
* COVID-19 lockdown hits Berlin's unemployed, homeless and refugees / [https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/covid-19-lockdown-hits-berlin-unemployed-homeless-refugees-200326195143645.html Al Jazeera]
* ‘White-Collar Quarantine’ Over Virus Spotlights Class Divide / [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/business/economy/coronavirus-inequality.html New York Times]
* 'Coronavirus could wipe us out': indigenous South Americans blockade villages / [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/south-america-indigenous-groups-coronavirus-brazil-colombia The Guardian]
* Minneapolis Offers People Experiencing Homelessness a Simple Gift: A Safe Place for Their Stuff / [https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/minneapolis-people-experiencing-homelessness-simple-gift-safe-place-stuff Next City]
* Poor and vulnerable hardest hit by pandemic in Spain / [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/01/poor-and-vulnerable-hardest-hit-by-pandemic-in-spain The Guardian]

=== Ecological Perspectives ===
* Phase Shift has arrived! The Pandemic as a catalyst for transformation. COVID 19 / cooperatively redesigning the human impact on Earth / [https://medium.com/age-of-awareness/phase-shift-has-arrived-who-declares-pandemic-83da330fdc5d Daniel Wahl]
* 5 Ways Coronavirus Could Help Humanity Survive the Ecological Crisis / [https://www.resilience.org/stories/2020-03-24/5-ways-coronavirus-could-help-humanity-survive-the-ecological-crisis/ Resilience.org]
* Coronavirus and the crisis of the Anthropocene. Ashish Kothari / [https://theecologist.org/2020/mar/27/coronavirus-and-crisis-anthropocene The Ecologist]
* Ecological Reflections on the Coronavirus. by Dr. Vandana Shiva / [https://medium.com/post-growth-institute/ecological-reflections-on-the-coronavirus-93d50bbfe9db Post Growth Institute]
* The Coronavirus and the Climate Movement, By Bill McKibben / [https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-a-warming-planet/the-coronavirus-and-the-climate-movement The New Yorker]
* Coronavirus, synchronous failure and the global phase-shift (Nafeez Ahmed) / [https://medium.com/insurge-intelligence/coronavirus-synchronous-failure-and-the-global-phase-shift-3f00d4552940 Medium INSURGE intelligence]
* Coronavirus: 'Nature is sending us a message’, says UN environment chief / [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/25/coronavirus-nature-is-sending-us-a-message-says-un-environment-chief The Guardian]
* 10 Steps for Rebalancing our World in Times of Crisis / [https://medium.com/post-growth-institute/10-steps-for-rebalancing-our-world-during-times-of-crisis-b7ce5e78a128 Post Growth Institute]
* Coronavirus and the Need for a Social Ecology, by E.G. Smith / [http://social-ecology.org/wp/2020/03/coronavirus-and-the-need-for-a-social-ecology/ Institute for Social Ecology]
* How the EU’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic could make our society more resilient / [https://www.greenpeace.org/eu-unit/issues/climate-energy/2673/how-the-eus-response-to-the-covid-19-pandemic-could-make-our-society-more-resilient/ Greenpeace European Unit]
* Can the coronavirus save the planet? The corona crisis signifies a civilization that is dying. But it also shows a 'pluriverse' of other worlds rising up / [https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oureconomy/can-coronavirus-save-planet/ Open Democracy]
* 'Tip of the iceberg': is our destruction of nature responsible for Covid-19? By John Vidal / [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/mar/18/tip-of-the-iceberg-is-our-destruction-of-nature-responsible-for-covid-19-aoe The Guardian]
* Beware far-right arguments disguised as environmentalism. Posters in the style of the activist group Extinction Rebellion (XR) have appeared in the UK declaring “Corona is the cure, humans are the disease” / [https://theconversation.com/beware-far-right-arguments-disguised-as-environmentalism-134830 The Conversation]
* COVID-19 crisis tells world what Indigenous Peoples have been saying for thousands of years / [https://www.nationalobserver.com/2020/03/24/news/covid-19-crisis-tells-world-what-indigenous-peoples-have-been-saying-thousands-years National Observer]
* Open Letter to Global Leaders – A Healthy Planet for Healthy People / [https://clubofrome.org/impact-hubs/climate-emergency/open-letter-to-global-leaders-a-healthy-planet-for-healthy-people/ The Club of Rome]

=== Economic Perspectives ===
* A Green Reboot After the Pandemic (Hunter Lovins, Kate Raworth, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, Sandrine Dixson-Declève) / [https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/covid19-green-deal-by-sandrine-dixson-decleve-et-al-2020-03 Project Syndicate]
* World will need new financial system after Covid-19. David McWilliams / [https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/world-will-need-new-financial-system-after-covid-19-1.4211363 Irish Times]
* A degrowth perspective on the coronavirus crisis / [https://www.degrowth.info/en/2020/03/a-degrowth-perspective-on-the-coronavirus-crisis/ Degrowth Network]
* Coronavirus puts degrowth on new, rapid trajectory / [https://greennews.ie/covid19-degrowth-new-scale/ Green News]
* The Real Pandemic Danger Is Social Collapse. Branko Milanovic / [https://countercurrents.org/2020/03/the-real-pandemic-danger-is-social-collapse Countercurrents]
* What Comes after the Pandemic? A Ten-Point Platform for Foundational Renewal (PDF) / [https://foundationaleconomycom.files.wordpress.com/2020/03/what-comes-after-the-pandemic-fe-manifesto-005.pdf The foundational economy collective]
* Coping with Covid19 – the Open Food Network and the New Digital Order(s) / [https://www.arc2020.eu/coping-with-covid19-open-food-network-and-new-digital-orders/ ARC 2020]
* The Collapse of Civilization May Have Already Begun. Nafeez Ahmed / [https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/8xwygg/the-collapse-of-civilization-may-have-already-begun Vice]
* The Real Pandemic Danger Is Social Collapse / [https://countercurrents.org/2020/03/the-real-pandemic-danger-is-social-collapse Countercurrents]
* Universal basic income is the best way to help the self-employed. Owen Jones / [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/26/universal-basic-income-help-self-employed The Guardian]
* On springtime, by Eric Holthaus / [https://thecorrespondent.com/371/on-springtime/49115443069-9d5e7199 The Correspondent]
* Tourism, Degrowth, and the COVID-19 Crisis / [https://politicalecologynetwork.org/2020/03/24/tourism-degrowth-and-the-covid-19-crisis/ Political Ecology Network]
* Non, le Coronavirus n’est pas notre Décroissance (French) / [http://www.projet-decroissance.net/?p=2637 Decroissance (Degrowth)]
* What will the world be like after coronavirus? Four possible futures / [https://theconversation.com/what-will-the-world-be-like-after-coronavirus-four-possible-futures-134085]

=== Political Perspectives ===
* Capitalism Has its Limits. Judith Butler discuss the COVID-19 pandemic, and its escalating political and social effects in America. / [https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4603-capitalism-has-its-limits Verso Books]
* How coronavirus could destroy the Western multilateral order. By Paul Mason / [https://www.newstatesman.com/world/north-america/2020/03/how-coronavirus-could-destroy-western-multilateral-order New Statesman]
* Yuval Noah Harari: the world after coronavirus / [https://www.ft.com/content/19d90308-6858-11ea-a3c9-1fe6fedcca75 Financial Times]
* Coronavirus Capitalism — and How to Beat It. Naomi Klein / [https://theintercept.com/2020/03/16/coronavirus-capitalism/ The Intercept]
* From mutual aid to dual power in the state of emergency / [https://roarmag.org/essays/from-mutual-aid-to-dual-power-in-the-state-of-emergency/ ROAR magazine]
* Our politics isn’t designed to protect the public from Covid-19 (George Monbiot) / [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/18/politics-public-covid-19-tobacco-johnson The Guardian]
* The Coronavirus Crisis Is a Monster Fueled by Capitalism. By Mike Davis / [http://inthesetimes.com/article/22394/coronavirus-crisis-capitalism-covid-19-monster-mike-davis In These Times]
* We Won’t Go Back to Normal, Because Normal Was the Problem: The Thirteenth Newsletter (2020) / [https://www.thetricontinental.org/newsletterissue/newsletter-13-2020-new-world-order/ Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research]
* We cannot surrender reason to the virus. By Byung-Chul Han / [https://write.as/0hwmokmqr13vm2fw.md write.as]
* Against Agamben: Is a Democratic Biopolitics Possible? / [https://www.viewpointmag.com/2020/03/20/against-agamben-democratic-biopolitics/ Viewpoint Magazine]
* ‘We can’t go back to normal’: how will coronavirus change the world? / [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/31/how-will-the-world-emerge-from-the-coronavirus-crisis The Guardian]
* The Political Use of Parasites / [https://undisciplinedenvironments.org/2020/03/21/the-political-use-of-parasites/ Undisciplined Environments]
* Coronavirus beyond Coronavirus: thresholds, biopolitics and emergencies / [http://www.ecopoliticavenezuela.org/2020/03/24/coronavirus-beyond-coronavirus-thresholds-biopolitics-and-emergencies/ Eco Politica Venezuela]
* Coronavírus e a luta de classes (PDF in Portuguese)<ref>Coronavírus e a luta de classes. Artigos de Slavoj Žižek, Alain Badiou, Mike Davis,David Harvey, Alain Bihr e Raúl Zibechi (PDF) Accessed March 27 2020. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xPauCqawff_qcZYpmbMNlMQJLeuN4noP/view</ref>:
# Mike Davis - A crise do coronavírus é um monstro alimentado pelo capitalismo
# David Harvey - Política anticapitalista em tempos de COVID-19
# Alain Bihr - França: pela socialização do aparato de saúde
# Raúl Zibechi - Coronavírus: a militarização das crises
# Alain Badiou - Sobre a situação epidêmica
# Slavoj Žižek - Um golpe como “Kill Bill” no capitalismo
* The Rise and Fall of Biopolitics: A Response to Bruno Latour / [https://critinq.wordpress.com/2020/03/29/the-rise-and-fall-of-biopolitics-a-response-to-bruno-latour/?blogsub=confirming#blog_subscription-2]

== Podcasts ==
* David McWilliams (Irish economist): Beyond money - Why livelihoods matter most. Capitalism as we know it has been suspended. The most important thing now is to minimize unemployment and see beyond the crisis. Unemployment isn’t just economical, it’s psychological and emotional. We have an economic vaccine, we explain what it is and how it can be used. But we need to move fast. Take care, stay apart, stay safe and be strong / [https://open.spotify.com/episode/4m876A26VXsBpqmOoNJa9D David McWilliams] [https://twitter.com/davidmcw/status/1242350630917812225 Tweet]
* COVID19 - Mental health tips. (Irish radio) Drivetime, Friday 27 March / [http://rte.ie/r.html?rii=9_21742003_83_27-03-2020_ RTÉ Radio]
* Coronavirus: How will it change us? Could the coronavirus outbreak provide humanity with new perspectives? Talking populism, capitalism, climate crisis and human connection with Maitreesh Ghatak, Winnie Byanyima, Ritula Shah & Kate Raworth on BBC Worldservice / [https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/w3csydfg BBC, The Real Story]
* Engineering to save lives from Corona Virus. Mick Clifford speaks to John Wallace who is apart of the Covid Response Team that are attempting to design and build a “battlefield ventilator” in a matter of weeks (Ireland) / [https://soundcloud.com/mickcliffordpodcast/engineering-to-save-lives-from-corona-virus Soundcloud] [https://twitter.com/irishexaminer/status/1242425722850942977 Related Tweet]
* Anti-Capitalist Politics in the time of Covid-19 / [http://anticapitalistchronicles.libsyn.com/anti-capitalist-politics-in-the-time-of-covid-19 David Harvey's Anti-Capitalist Chronicles]
* The Corona Diaries! Audio reflections on life in the of a global pandemic. Mohira in Bishkek, about everyday life in Kyrgyzstan's capital / [https://allegralaboratory.net/the-corona-diaries/ The Corona Diaries] [https://twitter.com/ianmickcook/status/1243247626037989387 Tweet]
* Rádio Gabriela - Pandemónio Live - Emissão 0 (Portuguese) / [https://www.mixcloud.com/peter-schmiedin/r%C3%A1dio-gabriela-pandem%C3%B3nio-live-emiss%C3%A3o-0/ Rádio Gabriela] [https://twitter.com/ColectivoHabita/status/1243140262873841665 Tweet]
The Corona Diaries 4: March 28 Panagiota Kotsila in Barcelona / [https://soundcloud.com/allegra_lab/the-corona-diaries-4-march-28-panagiota-kotsila Podcast Soundcloud] [https://twitter.com/ianmickcook/status/1244187635737858048 Ian Cook Tweet]

== Videos ==
* Coronavirus II: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_066dEkycr4 Coronavirus II]
* Coronavirus I: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c09m5f7Gnic Coronavirus I]

== References ==
<references />

Fearless Cities

2021-02-22T12:52:53Z

Tom.henfrey: removed red link

'''Fearless Cities''' is the global municipalist movement. It began in 2017 after the first conference in Barcelona to assist all global cities and communities create and / or develop local municipalist projects and political processes to allow citizens have a greater say in what type of city or community they wish to live in.

[[File:Fc.png|right|200px|link=http://fearlesscities.com/]]

== General introduction ==
The citizen platform Barcelona en Comú (BeC)<ref>https://barcelonaencomu.cat/. Accessed Nov 13th 2019.</ref> won the 2015 Municipal elections in Barcelona.<ref>Left-wing victory in Catalonia's municipal elections and increase of self-determination representatives. Accessed Nov 13th 2019. https://www.catalannews.com/politics/item/left-wing-victory-in-catalonia-s-municipal-elections-and-increase-of-self-determination-representatives</ref> Along with seven other citizen platforms, this movement subsequently got labelled as the 'Rebel Cities' of Spain.<ref>Shea Baird, K., 2015. Published online in Red Pepper. Rebel cities: the citizen platforms in power. Accessed Nov 13th 2019. https://www.redpepper.org.uk/rebel-cities-the-citizen-platforms-in-power/</ref> The municipalist win saw the city having its first woman mayor Ada Colau (in over 2,000 years of history) and BeC declared they were developing a more 'feminised' democracy.<ref>Guardian: Barcelona mayor-elect Ada Colau calls for more 'feminised' democracy. Accessed Nov 13th 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/07/barcelona-mayor-ada-colau-feminised-democracy</ref> A week after elections when interviewed on Democracy Now! Colau stated: “We can prove there is another way to govern, more inclusive, working together with the people, more than just asking them to vote every four years. We´re very aware that the real change must be global, that one city alone cannot solve all the problems we´re facing”.<ref>Democracy Now!: From Occupying Banks to City Hall: Meet Barcelona’s New Mayor Ada Colau. Accessed Nov 13th 2019. https://www.democracynow.org/2015/6/5/from_occupying_banks_to_city_hall</ref>

In 2017 BeC set up the first [http://fearlesscities.com/ Fearless cities](FC) Summit in Barcelona to support other cities who wished to create similar citizen-led change. In 2018 there were four subsequent Fearless Cities Summits around the world and, despite COVID, two more in Europe in 2019. Groups are currently exploring another Summit in Amsterdam, May 28-30th 2021. According to the FC website:

In a world in which fear and inequalities are being twisted into hate, “Fearless” towns and cities are standing up to defend human rights, democracy and the common good.
This global municipalist movement met for the first time at the Fearless Cities Summit in Barcelona in June 2017, at the invitation of Barcelona En Comú, with the goal of radicalizing democracy, feminizing politics and standing up to the far right.
Since then, these neighbourhood movements, mayors and local councilors have been collaborating to build global networks of solidarity and hope from the bottom up.<ref>http://fearlesscities.com/en/about-fearless-cities. Accessed Nov 13th 2019.</ref>

==Fearless Cities Summits==

=== International Municipalist Summit ===
Barcelona, Spain. 9-11 June 2017.
{|
{{#ev:youtube|vN1yPVToeTg|450|right}}
|
|In 2017 BeC set up the first Fearless Cities Summit in Barcelona to support other cities who wished to create similar citizen-led change. The conference and new global network had three clear goals:<ref>http://2017.fearlesscities.com/. Accessed Nov 13th 2019.</ref>

* Work as a global municipalist network
:Share tools, knowledge and experiences with municipalist movements from around the world
* Feminize politics
:Develop new ways of organizing based on horizontal collaboration, collective intelligence and the politics of everyday life
* Stop the far right
:Combat the politics of hate and fear with local policies to reduce inequality and promote the common good
|}
The Event was attended by activists from all over the world, as seen from the site map. Subsequent videos from the Forum<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_EBKq-6xsc&list=PL63NMSaD-VgQz2nCBlrh-lwG5azp5WUOJ Barcelona en Comú, Fearless Cities Conference videos</ref> and interviews<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_EBKq-6xsc&list=PL63NMSaD-VgQz2nCBlrh-lwG5azp5WUOJ Barcelona en Comú, Fearless Cities Interviews</ref> with guests were published on BeC's YouTube page. For people new to muncipalism, BeC made a "Municipalism for dummies"<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vN1yPVToeTg Barcelona en Comú, Municipalism for dummies</ref> video. On Social media people used the [https://twitter.com/hashtag/FearlessCities?src=hashtag_click #FearlessCities] hashtag.

=== North America ===
New York City, USA
27 July - 29 July 2018

=== Central and Eastern Europe ===
Warsaw, Poland. 13 July - 15 July 2018

The event<ref>Central and Eastern Europe Fearless Cities Conference, July 2018 https://fearlesscities.waw.pl</ref> was hosted by Miasto Jest Nasze<ref>Miasto Jest Nasze https://miastojestnasze.org/</ref> (Polish for The City Is Ours, styled as MJN).

=== Brussels + Central/Western Europe ===
[[File:Brussels Fearless Cities.jpg|right|450px|link=https://medium.com/communities-for-future/communities-for-future-sessions-enabling-networking-and-learning-for-a-fairer-regenerative-world-e5b38ae528d7]]

Brussels, Belgium. 22 September - 23 September 2018

The Fearless Cities Brussels event was initiated by the citizen movement We Brussels<ref>http://www.webrussels.org/ We Brussels</ref>. It happened at the Kaai Theater over two days, with 14 workshops to "reinvent your city in English / French / Dutch"<ref>https://twitter.com/fearlessbxl Fearless Cities Brussels Twitter</ref>. The Brussels Express reported about the conference: "Two Days to Win Back the City"<ref>Brussels Express, 16 September 2018: Fearless Cities: Brussels – Two Days to Win Back the City https://brussels-express.eu/fearless-cities-brussels-two-days-to-win-back-the-city/</ref> and the group Commonspolis<ref>https://commonspolis.org/en/ Commonspolis</ref>, who describe themselves as "Weaving networks and cultures for change", wrote a report about the event; Fearless Cities Brussels - Sept 2018 Report<ref>Commonspolis. Fearless Cities Brussels - Sept 2018 Report (PDF) https://commonspolis.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Fearless-cities_Report_VF.pdf</ref>. Their Improvement learnings found:

Being fearless is also about constantly reflecting upon one’s actions and decisions - and whether those meet previously formed expectations. in parallel to the positive takeaways and best practices, here are some learnings that may serve to inform future fearless cities events organisation.

* Talk together about the deeper questions
* Allow for more capacity-making
* Invite diversity within the core team & in the participants
* During the event, allow for fun to take place
* Have a plan c for political implementation
* Plan for post-event follow up

=== América Latina ===
[[File:Latin america FC.jpg|right|450px|link=https://medium.com/communities-for-future/communities-for-future-sessions-enabling-networking-and-learning-for-a-fairer-regenerative-world-e5b38ae528d7]]
Valparaíso, Chile. 30 November - 02 December 2018

The Latin American municipalist gathering explored how to transform territories from below, according to its Twitter<ref>Ciudades Sin Miedo Valparaíso on Twitter https://twitter.com/CSinMiedoValpo</ref> account (The event website is down). The poster from the event is found here<ref>Ciudades Sin Miedo Valparaíso on Twitter; América Latina Fearless Cities Summits https://twitter.com/CSinMiedoValpo/status/1067071142039625728</ref>.

=== Southern Europe ===
Naples, Italy. 15 March - 17 March 2019

The website of the event does not now work, but a facebook<ref>Fearless Cities Italy - Città senza paura - facebook page https://www.facebook.com/fcnapoli2019</ref> and twitter<ref>Fearless Cities Italy - Città senza paura - twitter page https://twitter.com/FearlessNapoli</ref> account still function.

=== Balkans ===
Belgrade, Serbia. 07 June - 09 June 2019

This International Fearless Cities conference<ref>Balkans Fearless Cities Conference, June 2019 https://fearlesscities.nedavimobeograd.rs/</ref> was dedicated to local political movements from Europe and the region. In the organization of the [[Ne davimo Beograd]] <ref>https://nedavimobeograd.rs/. Accessed Nov 12th 2020.</ref> Initiative (Don’t let Belgrade Drown), this summit gathered activists from over 20 countries who base their political activities on local, life problems of citizens. This conference was possible thanks to European endowment for democracy, Guerrilla foundation<ref>Guerrilla foundation https://guerrillafoundation.org/</ref> and Fund action<ref>Fund action https://fundaction.eu/</ref>. Organisers outlined:

Organizations involved with the issue of protection of public goods, social security, affordable housing, access to utility services, environmental justice, collectives, decentralization of governance and solidarity make the new political power of citizens. In a world that is changing rapidly and in which, despite all technical, scientific and technological advances, the feelings of insecurity, fear, inequality and hatred are increasingly dominating, in which populism and extremism are growing, a trend of different political organization emerges in the wave of civil strife and new political movements, that carries the hope it is not only possible to confront these negative tendencies, but also to fight for the vision of the cities and societies in which we want to live.

==Fearless Cities related activity==

In 2019 an academic conference happened in Lisbon, Portugal that invited FC activists to participate. From 5-9 March 2020, Transition Network's "Dive Deep and Dream Big" conference explored some FC themes in Brussels. The COVID situation affected conferences greatly. In November 2020 the Municipalize Europe event included FC participants.

=== Lisbon and Fearless Cities ===
At the URBACT City Festival in Lisbon September 2018, Deputy Mayor of the Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Paula Marques stated: “We need to fight the global system with participatory democracy at the level of cities. Going towards fearless cities is a long way and a long task”<ref>http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/no_cache/noticias/detalhe/article/e-arrancou-o-urbac-city-festival. E arrancou o URBAC City Festival (Original in Portuguese, English translation by wiki editor) Lisbon City Hall website. Accessed Nov 13th 2019.</ref>.

On November 29th 2019, Daniel Cruz<ref>https://twitter.com/dcruzf Daniel Cruz</ref> from BeC / FC was invited to the international seminar in Lisbon; "(Re)Scaling Networks in Portugal and Europe"<ref>https://www.facebook.com/events/850238905378056/ (Re)Scaling Networks in Portugal and Europe</ref>. The event was part of "Reclaim Europe!"<ref>https://fes-portugal.org/reclaim-europe/ Reclaim Europe!</ref>, a project developed by the Friedrich Ebert Foundation<ref>https://fes-portugal.org/seminario-internacional-rescaling-networks-in-portugal-and-europe-towards-new-forms-of-decision-making-29-11-2019-ics/ Friedrich Ebert Foundation</ref> in Portugal with multiple local and international partners and happened in Lisbon University Institute of Social Sciences<ref>https://www.ics.ulisboa.pt/ Lisbon University Institute of Social Sciences</ref> (ICS) research group "Urban Transitions Hub" <ref>https://urbantransitionshub.org/ Urban Transitions Hub</ref>. Other speakers included Talía Rangil from Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI)<ref>https://iclei-europe.org/ ICLEI</ref> and Gil Penha-Lopes<ref>https://ce3c.ciencias.ulisboa.pt/member/gilpenhalopes Gil Penha-Lopes</ref> from ECOLISE<ref>https://www.ecolise.eu/ ECOLISE</ref>. A short video section of the event is available<ref>https://www.facebook.com/n30and20/videos/429361721341616/ Fearless Cities video presentation, November 2019. From N30 & 20</ref>.

=== "Dive Deep and Dream Big", Brussels ===

"Dive Deep and Dream Big: codesigning new transformative pathways through a social learning process" was the full title of the event that happened from 5-9 March 2020. It was organised by the <ref>Transition Network https://transitionnetwork.org/</ref>, <ref>Reseau Transition https://www.reseautransition.be/articles/appel-aux-benevoles-pour-levenement-dive-deep-dream-big/</ref> group in Brussels and with support from [[Municipalities in Transition]] network. Pedro Macedo<ref>Pedro Macedo on Research Gate https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pedro_Macedo7</ref> writes<ref>Pedro Macedo: Dive Deep and Dream Big: codesigning new transformative pathways through a social learning process https://zenodo.org/record/4159731#.X603WNvgqRs</ref>:

The ‘Dive Deep & Dream Big’ process started in 2019 and was set as a collaborative inquiry to support break-through change at the municipal scale. Individuals and organizations working in different contexts got together to share knowledge and develop new pathways leading to translocal empowerment.

=== The Next City: Fearless Cities and Deep Democracy ===
Solidarity Hall’s<ref>Solidarity Hall https://solidarityhall.org</ref> third academic event in their “Eutopia Workshops” series happened on June 12th 2020. The event, which focused on a discussion of municipalism and community-based, commons-oriented democratic governance initiatives amid 2020’s widespread economic and political uncertainty, was led by Ana Margarida Esteves<ref>Ana Margarida Esteves: The Next City: Fearless Cities and Deep Democracy https://blog.cei.iscte-iul.pt/the-next-city-fearless-cities-and-deep-democracy/</ref> and Alexander Kolokotronis of the Tsai Center for Innovative Thinking at Yale<ref>Tsai Center for Innovative Thinking at Yale https://city.yale.edu/</ref> and the Participatory Budgeting Project<ref>Participatory Budgeting Project https://www.participatorybudgeting.org/</ref>. The video of the event is available from Solidarity Hall<ref>Solidarity Hall, video, Jun 17, 2020: “The Next City: Fearless Cities and Deep Democracy” – A. Esteves, A. Kolokotronis – Eutopia Workshop https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVg8BqbATL4</ref>.

=== Municipalize Europe ===

This event happened on November 5th 2020, it's full title was "Municipalize Europe! Transformative municipalities, the corona crisis recovery and the European Green Deal". The event was hosted by The Transnational Institute<ref>The Transnational Institute https://www.tni.org/</ref>, BeC, Catalunya en Comú<ref>Catalunya en Comu https://catalunyaencomu.cat/</ref>, Corporate Europe Observatory<ref>Corporate Europe Observatory https://corporateeurope.org/en</ref> and the Greens/EFA Group<ref>Greens/EFA Group https://www.greens-efa.eu/en/</ref> in the European Parliament, made up of Green, Pirate, independent MEPs & MEPs representing stateless nations and minorities.

Municipalize Europe!<ref>Municipalize Europe, The Transnational Institute https://www.tni.org/en/event/municipalize-europe</ref> was a unique opportunity to learn about the efforts of transformative cities during the COVID-19 crisis and the solutions that they are putting on the agenda for the social and economic recovery. This one day online event on 5 November was split into four sessions. There was simultaneous translation available in English, French and Spanish.

The event was divided into 4 different sessions:
* A short introduction to municipalism and the municipalist networks
* Opening panel: the role of municipalist cities after the COVID-19 crisis, and the need for EU funding for cities
* Housing crisis: cities and struggle for affordable housing for all
* Making the European Green Deal work for cities

==Link to other UrbanA Wiki-pages==
* [[Governance and participation processes]]
* [[Feminist perspectives for sustainable just cities]]
* [[Right to housing]]
* [[Culture for empowerment]]
* [[Municipalities in Transition]]

==Further reading==
Books
* Fearless Cities: A guide to the global municipalist movement: https://newint.org/books/new-internationalist/fearless-cities
Academic Articles
* Beyond the Local Trap: New Municipalism and the Rise of the Fearless Cities, Bertie Russell, 2019: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/anti.12520
Blog Posts
* Municipalism and the Feminization of Politics,Laura Roth & Kate Shea Baird, in ROAR Magazine: https://roarmag.org/magazine/municipalism-feminization-urban-politics/

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://fearlesscities.com/ Fearless Cities]
* [https://fearlesscities.waw.pl Central and Eastern Europe Fearless Cities]
* [https://twitter.com/fearlessbxl Fearless Cities Brussels] (Twitter)
* [https://twitter.com/CSinMiedoValpo Ciudades Sin Miedo Valparaíso / Fearless Cities Latin America] (Twitter)
* [https://twitter.com/FearlessNapoli Southern Europe Fearless Cities] (Twitter)
* [https://fearlesscities.nedavimobeograd.rs/ Balkans Fearless Cities]

Database of projects & initiatives

2021-02-22T12:50:32Z

Tom.henfrey: removed red link

==Projects & initiatives==
*[[ARTS (Accelerating and Rescaling Transitions to Sustainability)]]
*[[BEACON (Bridging European and Local Climate Action)]]
*[[Cities4People]]
*[[CLIC (Circular models Leveraging Investments in Cultural heritage adaptive reuse)]]
*[[Communities for Future]]
*[[Connecting Nature]]
*[[EdiCitNet (Edible Cities Network - Integrating Edible City Solutions for social resilient and sustainably productive cities)]]
*[[ENERGISE (European Network for Research, Good Practice and Innovation for Sustainable Energy)]]
*[[FESSUD (Financialisation, economy, society and sustainable development)]]
*[[Fridays for Future]]
*[[GUST (Governance of Urban Sustainability Transitions)]]
*[[INCONTEXT (Individuals in Context: Supportive Environments for Sustainable Living)]]
*[[MiT (Municipalities in Transition)]]
*[[MUSIC (Mitigation inUrban Areas: Solutions for Innovative Cities)]]
*[[P-CAN (Place-based Climate Action Network)]]
*[[ROCK (Regeneration and Optimisation of Cultural heritage in creative and Knowledge cities)]]
*[[SHARECITY (Sustainability of city-based food sharing)]]
*[[SIADE SaaS (Spatial Decision Support System for Transportation Planning)]]
*[[SIC (Social Innovation Community)]]
*[[SMARTEES (Social innovation Modelling Approaches to Realizing Transition to Energy Efficiency and Sustainability)]]
*[[SONNET (Social Innovation in Energy Transitions)]]
*[[SO SMART (Socially sustainable manufacturing for the Factories of the Future)]]
*[[Transformative Cities]]
*[[TRANSIT (Transformative Social Innovation Theory)]]
*[[TURAS (Transitioning towards Urban Resilience and Sustainability)]]
*[[UrbanAPI (Interactive Analysis, Simulation and Visualisation Tools for Urban Agile Policy)]]
*[[Urban Gardening Peace Project]] (Intercultural Nature-based Conflict Transformation)
*[[Vital Cities and Citizens]]

*[[Other databases]]

==Back end of projects==

The back end of the UrbanA database includes a long-list of 400+ projects (that resulted from the scan of CORDIS) and a short-list of 125 projects with relevant insights for (urban) (un)sustainability & (in)justice. These projects are listed in the pdf's below. The projects are also mentioned in the Wiki-pages on approaches (if and when relevant for the approaches) with links to the website. Additionally, the full report on the database-making can be found [https://urban-arena.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/D.3.2-UrbanA-wiki-database-appendix-0_final.pdf here].

[[Media:Longlist_projects.pdf|Longlist_projects.pdf]]

[[Media:Shortlist_projects.pdf|Shortlist_projects.pdf]]

==Templates==
[[Projects & Initiatives Template]]

Urban gardening Peace Project

2021-02-22T12:43:14Z

Tom.henfrey: corrected user page link

Under development by [[User:Burcu Eke-Schneider|Burcu Eke-Schneider]]

According to United Nations general assembly's latest meeting which was on the 4 th of June 2020: 'the world requires transformation towards a culture of peace, which consist of values, attitudes and behaviours that reflect and inspire social interaction and sharing based on the principles of freedom , justice and democracy, all human rights , tolerance and solidarity , that reject violence and endeavour to prevent conflicts by tackling their root causes to solve problems through dialogue and negotiation and that guarantee the full exercise of all rights and the means to participate fully in the development process of their society.' https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d94ec670c5b607d9c896795/t/5ef0c35f16217c2827e84d65/1592836959623/For+Peace_UN+Resolution_Establishment+of+Ministries+and+Departments+for+Peace.pdf

A solution for reducing the power of drivers of injustice in the context of sustainable urban development :

The Urban Gardening Peace Project is located on the grounds of the Alevi community of Wuppertal (AKM) and works closely with several actors in the hearth of the city.The community garden invites different cultures and actors to establish a peaceful relationship with each other and at the same time to resume the dialogue with nature.The vision of the pilot project is to create in the sacred place a nature-based conflict transformation model while facilitating intercultural knowledge exchange processes.Thus, this creative "Peace-building and Conflict Transformation" project has a cultural and
social dimension as well as a scientific approach to reduce the power of the drivers of injustice in the context of sustainable urban development which gives us a chance to understand the root causes of problems at the micro level and it is an important intervention to prevent continuous violence.It is possible to develop a common understanding that works with inclusiveness.

First, it can apply an inclusive method of just urban transition that respects the diversity of cultural backgrounds and ethnicity.
Secondly, it can change the behaviour and attitudes of those involved towards an environmentally friendly life.
Finally, it can convey the new meaning of "collective struggle for a common future" in different languages, cultures and sacred places.

✌️🌱☮️We are a group of peace thinkers..

* Inclusivity

We cordially invite everyone to participate in our peace project, regardless of age, gender, political views or origin. Previous knowledge of gardening or peace work is not required.

* Strengthening of women

We would like to encourage women in particular to participate in the project and further strengthen their social significance. It is important to us to include their creativity and their great collective knowledge about plants and seeds, medicinal properties etc.

* Peace

We are determined to create and maintain peace. The framework we have created should be understood as a protected space. We do not tolerate defamation or violence towards other people, neither in language nor in behaviour.

* Climate Justice

In our peace project we feel obliged to contribute to more climate justice in an urban environment. We would like to contribute to the reflection on a more sustainable and just life and to a more conscious behaviour.

* Biodiversity

The Peace Garden is intended to contribute to the greatest possible biodiversity in urban areas. Nature is a network of the most diverse forms of life, everything is connected with everything else. With the Peace Garden, we respect the dependence of humans on nature as part of nature.

Workshop Examples in our Peace Garden :

Parallelly to the first exchange about plants and sustainable cultivation methods, a space was created which actively offers solutions for the inclusion of transformative urban development. A first example for this purpose will be the multilingual "Nature and Art" workshop with the opera house of the city of Wuppertal, which illustrates how art and nature are connected and how the citizens can think more creative in an urban realm. Another example will be a lecture by a feminist nature expert about "Women and nature in the context of social inequality of the sexes". It will address the representation of women's roles in various cultural contexts, ways and perspectives out of social inequality. This approach aims to transform the knowledge in a Real-Laboratory * https://wupperinst.org/en/a/wi/a/s/ad/4947/ World. In this process we proposed new identities to facilitate knowledge sharing between actors. For this purpose peace garden was created as a social-spiritual-political free zone in the cultural centre of the Alevi community. All these activities were scheduled in Spring 2020 but had to be postponed because of the current pandemic.

The Third side approach with new identities:

An Avantgardenist is a person who works in nature to establish an agro-ecological relationship between plants,
people and animals - especially between women and nature. Avantgardenists engage experimentally, radically or transformatively often using scientific and artistic strategies.
An eco-mediator is a person who establishes dialogues between different urban actors and using 'nature' as a
constructive tool.

Project web-site:

* http://www.wuppertals-urbane-gaerten.de/gaerten-zum-mitmachen/urban-gardening-friedensprojekt/?fbclid=IwAR1__YTm-0mpCkyCl3xjBpurjypkqjc4uH2VwfU9lQjW_Jw6JO3LRoZGtNI
* Map Overview:https://anstiftung.de/urbane-gaerten/gaerten-im-ueberblick?view=map
* Deutsche Welle Article: https://www.dw.com/de/wuppertal-permakultur-einwanderung-perspektive-gesellschaft-schrebergarten-klimawandel-natur-polen/a-53898345
* Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/groups/491783505092197
* Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/urbangardening_friedensprojekt/
* An Avantgardenist Approach: https://medium.com/urban-arenas-for-sustainable-and-just-cities/an-avantgardenist-approach-creating-peace-gardens-in-the-urban-realm-17f8aaddaa9f
* Art and Peacebuilding : https://under-construction-wuppertal.de/media?fbclid=IwAR0nxzedr8MXJrOokd8SWWTcd8TQyB21rMSMvIXT9_YdKANg_QX8_CKlfig#type,archiv-der-traeume,1 (Here you can find how we contributed to the art scene for Pina Bausch centre’s under construction work with our creativity.. Pls follow the link on: “Büro für künstlerische Praxis” - Archiv der Träume Mansa Sabaghian (0:10:12) und Burcu Eke-Schneider (0:54:15)..)
Contact Info : wuppertalforpeace@gmail.com

Database of governance arrangements

2021-02-22T09:11:14Z

Tom.henfrey: /* Enabling governance arrangements */

Across Europe there is an inspiring array of experimentation with local governance arrangements for just and sustainable cities.

What is '''governance'''? It can be broadly understood as all formal and informal political processes (involving state and non-state actors) that lead to collective action.

On this database, you will find the summaries of results of a study on fruitful governance interventions for sustainable and just cities.

Would you like to get involved? We've asked some questions in the following sections, and you can share your suggestions with us via email to [[User:Philipp Spaeth|Philipp Spaeth]]. If you haven't already, please feel free to join the [[UrbanA Community of Practice]].

 '''Note: This page is currently under construction! Keep an eye out for colourful vignettes and videos, coming soon.'''

== Enabling governance arrangements ==

Enabling governance arrangements are combinations of actor constellations and institutional settings that have proven a potential to support urban governance towards just and sustainable cities in several cases of real-world Governance Interventions.

Looking at a selection of ten situated governance interventions for sustainable and just cities (as summarized in our scenarios), we asked:

''What key elements of governance arrangements enabled those interventions to come to fruition?''

You can find background information on ten original, real-world governance interventions, our empirical basis, in our database of rich descriptions (for more information, please refer to the section methodology).

You will see references to these interventions in the form of brief examples to illustrate each enabling governance arrangement. The question numbers accompanying the examples, like ''“(Q18)”'', will lead you to the pertinent section of the respective description of a real world governance intervention.

We assume that the enabling governance arrangements were aimed at sustainable and just outcomes, which makes it likely that they can be useful for interventions with similar goals in other instances as well. However, we do not claim that these enabling governance arrangements are the sole factors for bringing interventions to fruition, as the latter will always be embedded in local contexts with place-based factors being important as well.

When clicking on one of the items 1 - 6 below, you will find a short description as well as links to the real world governance experiments which have inspired us to synthesize these potentially 'enabling governance arrangements'.

#[[Create a comprehensive vision of change]]
#[[Make space for adaptation and experimentation]]
#[[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups]]
#[[Commit to a meaningful participation process]]
#[[Tap into existing community networks]]
#[[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements]]

Which further governance arrangement do you consider crucial on the way towards governance for sustainability AND justice in cities?

== Governance interventions ==

We have selected ten real-word experiments (mostly within EU-funded projects) and developed '''detailed descriptions''' which detail their governance variables and processes. We have also created a brief '''governance scenario''' per case studied. These scenarios share general insights in a narrative style, and we hope that they pique your interest and provide inspiration about what could be possible in your city!

We stress that the interventions presented below (the detailed descriptions and the corresponding scenarios) - '''are not entirely “successful interventions”'''. Rather, they are regarded as '''general inspiration''' and real-world cases for testing out how to enable translocal learning.

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background-color:#efefef;"
! Detailed governance intervention descriptions
! Brief governance scenarios
|-
| 1.[[Bottom-up resistance against gentrification in Rome]]
| 1.[[Countering Gentrification: Community Based and Collaborative Methods]]
|-
| 2.[[Citizens rescuing and sharing food in Berlin]]
| 2.[[Tackling Waste: Community Practices for Food Rescuing and Sharing]]
|-
| 3.[[Community led affordable housing in Brussels]]
| 3.[[Reimagining Affordable Housing from the Ground Up: Community Land Trust Models]]
|-
| 4.[[Dealing flexibly with and learning from resistance in Barcelona]]
| 4.[[Reclaiming Street Space: Cooperation for Neighbourhood Transformation]]
|-
| 5.[[Biodiversity protection and social justice in the Barcelona Natural Park]]
| 5.[[Negotiating Green Space Development: Balancing Long-Term Sustainability and Short-Term Social Needs]]
|-
| 6.[[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg]]
| 6.[[Collaborating Across Institutional Boundaries: Co-Creating Sustainable Neighborhoods]]
|-
| 7.[[Inner-city community energy in London]]
| 7.[[From Electricity to Empowerment: Democratizing Urban Energy Systems]]
|-
| 8.[[Holistic neighbourhood development Augustenborg]]
| 8.[[Overcoming Silos in Urban Regeneration Projects: Holistic Neighbourhood Design]]
|-
| 9.[[Citizens share in Berlin Energy Grid for sustainable energy]]
| 9.[[Creating a Sustainable Energy System: a Citizen-Driven Transformation]]
|-
| 10.[[Regeneration of a deprived neighborhood in Rotterdam]]
| 10.[[Nurturing Trust in Community-Driven Regeneration: Continuity amidst Institutional Uncertainty]]
|}

'''Example of a partially successful governance intervention'''

In addition to our 10 fruitful governance interventions for sustainability and justice in cities (see above), we developed a [[Public-private partnerships for sustainability infrastructure in Athens| rich description]] and a [[ Bringing sustainable infrastructure - carefully engaging in public-private partnerships|scenario]] of a governance intervention that demonstrates possible pitfalls when developing sustainable infrastructure in a public-private partnership. This intervention extracted from a south-eastern European setting outlines the partial success of governance interventions and encourages caution about the externalities of public-private partnerships, especially in the context of austerity that may increase in the post-COVID era.

Template for developing further descriptions: [[Rich description template]]

Database of governance arrangements

2021-02-22T09:08:54Z

Tom.henfrey: /* Enabling governance arrangements */ removed numbers and hashes from list

Across Europe there is an inspiring array of experimentation with local governance arrangements for just and sustainable cities.

What is '''governance'''? It can be broadly understood as all formal and informal political processes (involving state and non-state actors) that lead to collective action.

On this database, you will find the summaries of results of a study on fruitful governance interventions for sustainable and just cities.

Would you like to get involved? We've asked some questions in the following sections, and you can share your suggestions with us via email to [[User:Philipp Spaeth|Philipp Spaeth]]. If you haven't already, please feel free to join the [[UrbanA Community of Practice]].

 '''Note: This page is currently under construction! Keep an eye out for colourful vignettes and videos, coming soon.'''

== Enabling governance arrangements ==

Enabling governance arrangements are combinations of actor constellations and institutional settings that have proven a potential to support urban governance towards just and sustainable cities in several cases of real-world Governance Interventions.

Looking at a selection of ten situated governance interventions for sustainable and just cities (as summarized in our scenarios), we asked:

''What key elements of governance arrangements enabled those interventions to come to fruition?''

You can find background information on ten original, real-world governance interventions, our empirical basis, in our database of rich descriptions (for more information, please refer to the section methodology).

You will see references to these interventions in the form of brief examples to illustrate each enabling governance arrangement. The question numbers accompanying the examples, like ''“(Q18)”'', will lead you to the pertinent section of the respective description of a real world governance intervention.

We assume that the enabling governance arrangements were aimed at sustainable and just outcomes, which makes it likely that they can be useful for interventions with similar goals in other instances as well. However, we do not claim that these enabling governance arrangements are the sole factors for bringing interventions to fruition, as the latter will always be embedded in local contexts with place-based factors being important as well.

When clicking on one of the items #1 - #6 below, you will find a short description as well as links to the real world governance experiments which have inspired us to synthesize these potentially 'enabling governance arrangements'.

#[[Create a comprehensive vision of change]]
#[[Make space for adaptation and experimentation]]
#[[Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups]]
#[[Commit to a meaningful participation process]]
#[[Tap into existing community networks]]
#[[Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements]]

Which further governance arrangement do you consider crucial on the way towards governance for sustainability AND justice in cities?

== Governance interventions ==

We have selected ten real-word experiments (mostly within EU-funded projects) and developed '''detailed descriptions''' which detail their governance variables and processes. We have also created a brief '''governance scenario''' per case studied. These scenarios share general insights in a narrative style, and we hope that they pique your interest and provide inspiration about what could be possible in your city!

We stress that the interventions presented below (the detailed descriptions and the corresponding scenarios) - '''are not entirely “successful interventions”'''. Rather, they are regarded as '''general inspiration''' and real-world cases for testing out how to enable translocal learning.

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background-color:#efefef;"
! Detailed governance intervention descriptions
! Brief governance scenarios
|-
| 1.[[Bottom-up resistance against gentrification in Rome]]
| 1.[[Countering Gentrification: Community Based and Collaborative Methods]]
|-
| 2.[[Citizens rescuing and sharing food in Berlin]]
| 2.[[Tackling Waste: Community Practices for Food Rescuing and Sharing]]
|-
| 3.[[Community led affordable housing in Brussels]]
| 3.[[Reimagining Affordable Housing from the Ground Up: Community Land Trust Models]]
|-
| 4.[[Dealing flexibly with and learning from resistance in Barcelona]]
| 4.[[Reclaiming Street Space: Cooperation for Neighbourhood Transformation]]
|-
| 5.[[Biodiversity protection and social justice in the Barcelona Natural Park]]
| 5.[[Negotiating Green Space Development: Balancing Long-Term Sustainability and Short-Term Social Needs]]
|-
| 6.[[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg]]
| 6.[[Collaborating Across Institutional Boundaries: Co-Creating Sustainable Neighborhoods]]
|-
| 7.[[Inner-city community energy in London]]
| 7.[[From Electricity to Empowerment: Democratizing Urban Energy Systems]]
|-
| 8.[[Holistic neighbourhood development Augustenborg]]
| 8.[[Overcoming Silos in Urban Regeneration Projects: Holistic Neighbourhood Design]]
|-
| 9.[[Citizens share in Berlin Energy Grid for sustainable energy]]
| 9.[[Creating a Sustainable Energy System: a Citizen-Driven Transformation]]
|-
| 10.[[Regeneration of a deprived neighborhood in Rotterdam]]
| 10.[[Nurturing Trust in Community-Driven Regeneration: Continuity amidst Institutional Uncertainty]]
|}

'''Example of a partially successful governance intervention'''

In addition to our 10 fruitful governance interventions for sustainability and justice in cities (see above), we developed a [[Public-private partnerships for sustainability infrastructure in Athens| rich description]] and a [[ Bringing sustainable infrastructure - carefully engaging in public-private partnerships|scenario]] of a governance intervention that demonstrates possible pitfalls when developing sustainable infrastructure in a public-private partnership. This intervention extracted from a south-eastern European setting outlines the partial success of governance interventions and encourages caution about the externalities of public-private partnerships, especially in the context of austerity that may increase in the post-COVID era.

Template for developing further descriptions: [[Rich description template]]

6) Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements

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Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements

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Examples from real world governance interventions:

*[[Inner-city community energy in London]]
*[[Citizens rescuing and sharing food in Berlin]]
*[[Community led affordable housing in Brussels]]
*[[Dealing flexibly with and learning from resistance in Barcelona]]

== The ambition ==

Many community-led initiatives for sustainable and just cities rely on public funding (subsidies, grants etc) to carry out their activities. But changing political priorities and economic crises can restrict this funding. Developing a financial arrangement that contains a well thought-out value proposition, delivery, and capture, as well as considering the model’s risks, such as being tied to single sources of funding, will make them more resilient in the face of austerity. However, this is no easy task, since many of community-led projects serve low-income residents and cannot rely on them to finance it. Additionally, since funding sources and business models (often) also reflect the values of the organization using them, community-led organizations and projects may have to think carefully about accepting funding from bigger institutions, as it potentially may conflict with their own political views and environmental and societal goals. But high quality interventions can also be relatively low-cost, both in start-up costs or in upkeep, which reduces risk of investment without reducing potential positive impact.

== Examples ==

''' ''Repowering'', London'''

Inner-city community energy in London: After the steep decline and cancellation of the FIT subsidy for community energy, Repowering sought out alternatives such as private investment and conducted pilot projects for a peer-to-peer energy trading system (Q.24). Repowering took measures to reduce exclusion of low-income residents and energy beneficiaries by keeping the threshold investment for members relatively low, around £50. By making the project more inclusive with low barriers to entry, community workshops, and open general meetings, they were also able to increase their community basis and strengthen their community funding sources. They also created a Community Energy Efficiency fund for non-investors, further increasing alternative revenue streams (Q16b).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Inner-city community energy in London]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[From Electricity to Empowerment: Democratizing Urban Energy Systems]]

''' ''Foodsharing'', Berlin'''

Foodsharing is run by unpaid volunteers, including developers, foodshares and foodsavers and refuses any public funding or subsidies. Relying on their own ressources is part of the political line of the organization as it tries to operate without financial transaction. Foodsharing members promote the “free”.

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Citizens rescuing and sharing food in Berlin]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Tackling Waste: Community Practices for Food Rescuing and Sharing]]

''' ''Community Land Trust'', Brussels'''

Community-led affordable housing in Brussels: Although CLTB faces obstacles in growing their budget in tandem with their organization, their revenue streams are highly diverse and thus could be resilient enough to maintain stability if one funding source dries up. While 40% of their budget relies on government subsidies, the other 60% comes from a variety of grants, household mortgages, membership fees, ground leases, crowdfunding, and donations (Q21). Importantly, CLTB launched the cooperative '''“Common Ground”''' [https://www.credal.be/actualites/la-cooperative-common-ground-brussels-est-nee] in January 2021, which partners with the social economy sector to attract private and citizen finance for land purchases and management under the CLT model. Finally, the CLTB’s first project was their pilot, but with a business model proven successful they can be eligible for additional, long-term support.

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Reimagining Affordable Housing from the Ground Up: Community Land Trust Models]]

''' ''Superblocks'', Barcelona'''

Superblocks in Barcelona: The Superblocks interventions are seen as a relatively low-cost, high-impact initiative (Q25). The highest expenditures were attributed to upfront costs for construction and reworking city transport, with little additional costs for maintenance. Furthermore, because the Superblocks project is embedded in many other sustainability and development plans in Barcelona, their funding source is relatively secure (Q26a).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Dealing flexibly with and learning from resistance in Barcelona]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Reclaiming Street Space: Cooperation for Neighbourhood Transformation]]

For interesting examples of business models for Nature Based Solutions, see the '''NATURVATION project’s Business Model Catalogue''' [https://naturvation.eu/sites/default/files/results/content/files/business_model_catalogue.pdf].

== Relation to justice in urban sustainability governance ==

Developing resilient and self-sufficient financial arrangements for urban sustainability and justice initiatives may address the consequences of [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism]], a driver of injustice previously explored by UrbanA. This refers to processes of privatization, commercialization, budget cuts and state withdrawal from various sectors. While this arrangement does not address the root causes of neoliberal austerity urbanism, it may lessen its impact on urban sustainability and justice by enabling initiatives to remain financially viable and therefore to continue their operations. However, special care will need to be taken to ensure that these financial schemes do not exclude low-income groups who cannot afford to pay for the benefits of the initiative themselves and are of little relevance to potential sponsors.

== Critical reflection ==

While developing a financial arrangement that is able to remain viable amongst public funding cuts and other ripple effects of economic crises may make an initiative more resilient and therefore able to continue delivering its benefits to communities, it may set a precedent for underfunding similar initiatives, thus downplaying responsibility for collective welfare. In other words, public authorities may be tempted to limit public funding and support in the future if they see that organizations can “make it on their own”. This could in turn reinforce the driver of injustice which the arrangement is trying to circumnavigate. There is also a risk that projects in low-income communities cannot afford to financially support initiatives nor gain the necessary start-up investment if the project is untested. Community members may be hesitant to invest in a project without a sense of trust that they will receive a return-on-investment.

== Examples ==

''' ''Repowering'', London'''

Inner-city community energy in London: One notable obstacle was the difficulty raising funds (£58,000) for BES1 from community members. Since it was a new project, with no track record, individuals were hesitant to invest. Additionally, while many made pledges, this proved not to be a reliable indicator of actual financial support. Once BES1 was established, it was easier to find investors for the others because the community had more trust in the organization and had seen an instance of success (Q23d).

== Covid-19 connection/How does this enabling arrangement play out under the conditions of a pandemic? ==

The Covid-19 crisis has highlighted the importance of developing resilient financial arrangements for any initiative. In such a crisis, sources of funding are directed to new immediate priorities, such as health care and social supports, meanwhile governments around the world wrack up huge debts. In the long-run economic recovery stimulus may be positive for urban sustainability and justice initiatives if it is directed towards a just green recovery (check out Carbon Brief’s tracking of '''green recovery plans''' [https://www.carbonbrief.org/coronavirus-tracking-how-the-worlds-green-recovery-plans-aim-to-cut-emissions]).

5) Tap into existing community networks

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Tap into existing community networks

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Examples from real world governance interventions:

*[[Citizens rescuing and sharing food in Berlin]]
*[[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg]]
*[[Community led affordable housing in Brussels]]
*[[Citizens share in Berlin Energy Grid for sustainable energy]]
*[[Dealing flexibly with and learning from resistance in Barcelona]]
*[[Inner-city community energy in London]]

== General ambition ==

Emerging initiatives need to ensure they connect to and learn from existing community networks that are working on similar issues. This can involve the sharing of (human) resources, learning from individuals from community initiatives elsewhere, and knowledge sharing about organizational structures, problem solving, and electronic tools. Consulting experts in the field could also be important here, especially in the beginning of a project. It can also be helpful for initiatives to tap into networks that have experience in similarly structured interventions or share a common ideology. Beyond learning outcomes, this could provide an integral basis of support for emerging projects.

Learning from other communities can support emerging initiatives with the resources and expertise to increase their legitimacy and gain political and public support. There is also much to gain for organizations to teach others: sharing knowledge with newer projects strengthens networks within and between communities, bolsters an organization’s reputation and legitimacy, and offers opportunities for additional organizational support.

== Examples ==

''' ''Foodsharing'', Berlin'''

Citizens rescuing and sharing food in Berlin: Foodsharing groups tapped into the resources of the national network to develop locally, especially they used the same online platform as well as the same principles and organizational structure. Social resources were also used to gain legitimacy as Foodsharing is well known in the food sector. This helped regional groups to develop partnerships with food retailers of supermarkets or possibly to gain support from local institutional actors, such as community centers, as hosts for public fridges (Q13). Moreover, Foodsharing was able to successfully become established in Berlin because there was already a thriving sharing economy in the city (Q26a). Tapping into communities engaged in sharing economies for services, mobility, clothing, etc. provided the adequate public engagement foodsharing needs. Lastly, Foodsharing has been able to extend beyond its organizational network to support initiatives starting up elsewhere. The group YUnity originates from Foodsharing and develops online platforms and tools that enable others to start their own food sharing network (Q31a).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Citizens rescuing and sharing food in Berlin]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Tackling Waste: Community Practices for Food Rescuing and Sharing]]

''' ''Vauban neighborhood'', Freiburg'''

Housing Cooperative Networks in Germany inspired to some extent project proponents. Specifically, they benefited from the expertise of the cooperative confederation regarding economy, law and tax policy (Q.26-b ; & Q.27-b).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Collaborating Across Institutional Boundaries: Co-Creating Sustainable Neighborhoods]]

''' ''Community Land Trust'', Brussels'''

The ability of many (15) community associations to self-organize and present a united appeal for the establishment of the CLTB was very important for the intervention’s emergence. Additionally, CLTB learned from experiences in experiments for alternative affordable housing in and outside of Brussels (Q26).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Reimagining Affordable Housing from the Ground Up: Community Land Trust Models]]

''' ''Bürgen Energie Berlin'', Berlin'''

BEB is supported by a large number of alliances including cooperatives, ethical banks and renewable energy companies. The cooperative expanded fast in numbers and donations through synergies with the networks established by other energy cooperatives and movements in the field of energy and politics. Schönau Cooperative has been instrumental in the success of BEB by passing on knowledge and expertise. Whereas, in order to reach out to people and inform them about the cooperative they worked together with the media, a network summit called “NetzGipfel”, and took part in demonstrations and other events to inform people about their initiative and to get more participants.

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Citizens share in Berlin Energy Grid for sustainable energy]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Creating a Sustainable Energy System: a Citizen-Driven Transformation]]

''' ''Superblocks'', Barcelona'''

Superblocks in Barcelona: The Urban Ecology Agency is led by Superblocks visionaire Salvador Rueda, and was an important source of expertise in designing and implementing this project in Barcelona (Q15). The City Council also engaged multiple community networks through the creation of neighborhood working groups (Q14). Local residents and stakeholders were important representatives. Their participation supported the design of individual Superblocks with respect to the neighborhood’s character and was critical for gaining public support of the project.

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Dealing flexibly with and learning from resistance in Barcelona]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Reclaiming Street Space: Cooperation for Neighbourhood Transformation]]

== Relation to justice in urban sustainability governance ==

This enabling governance arrangement tries to overcome injustices caused mostly by the [[Weak(ened) civil society]] and [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]] as well as [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism]].

Weak(ened) civil society as a driver of injustice refers to the ways in which collective civic groups that share common interests (other than the state, the market, or the family) are either not constituted and impactful enough to influence and benefit from sustainability efforts or are indeed constrained by interventions that carry sustainability objectives. Tapping into resources of existing community networks can reinforce and strengthen the organization and help access the benefit of sustainability efforts. Beside, forming alliances with other movements increases legitimacy as well as (generally) public support which helps to overcome regulatory or political barriers.

Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities as a driver of injustice refers to the ways in which (access to) useful information and know-how around sustainable urban interventions, and their benefits, is not shared effectively or equally among social groups, sectors or disciplines and thus constrain the potential for both sustainability and justice. Tapping into resources of existing community networks includes sharing information and skills. It allows grassroot groups to stay informed and to learn about sustainability urban interventions and increases opportunities to engage and benefit from them.

Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism as a driver of injustice refers to processes of privatization, commercialization, budget cuts and state withdrawal from various sectors and how they can undermine urban sustainability, guided by an ideology of unfettered economic growth which often aligns with austerity policies. Creating alliances with other community networks can provide grassroot initiatives with resources (human, financial or organizational) from which they are deprived. However, in this context, relying on internal community resources may be at risk of reinforcing the roll back of the state, that is, the delegation of regalian responsibilities to citizens and to voluntarily-run organizations.

This enabling governance arrangement is also related to the approach of [[Co-learning and knowledge brokerage]] as it aims to facilitate the circulation of ideas, understandings and cutting-edge research across a diverse set of actors in society.

== Critical reflection ==

Connecting closely to already existing initiatives may deprive newly emerging initiatives of their distinctive and innovative character and may limit their appeal to particular social groups.
Another downside of this enabling governance arrangement is that it may contribute to a roll-back of the state. Strong community networks operating in a certain domain (food, housing etc.) can alleviate state deficiencies. As far as they In replace the state in its responsibility to organize the provision e.g. of sufficient food or housing, such initiatives may be instrumentalized in line with a neoliberal logic by compensating or even fostering a roll-back of the state. This relates to the driver of injustice: [[Unquestioned Neoliberal growth and austerity urbanism]]. Also, it cannot be assumed that initiatives are willing to share their information or novel expertise if they perceive others as potential “competitors” (for public funding, participants, etc.).
Furthermore, since many initiatives for sustainable and just cities are unique “trailblazers”, the advice from other community groups may be limited. Much of the learning has to still come from the context of the initiative itself.

==Examples==

''' ''Repowering'', London'''

Inner-city community energy in London: As a pioneer organization, Repowering offers professional services such as legal, structural, financial, and marketing aid, to other upcoming community energy projects. However, there is an ongoing internal debate regarding what information Repowering is willing to open-source and what they maintain as exclusive expertise that should be protected (Q32). Furthermore, Repowering had limited expertise to draw from in the sector and therefore had to learn through the process of innovation. From an interview: “It wasn't like we got an answer from other people and they helped us out. It was the other way around. We trail-blazed the whole sector" (Interview with Otero) (Q26).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Inner-city community energy in London]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[From Electricity to Empowerment: Democratizing Urban Energy Systems]]

== Covid-19 connection/How does this enabling arrangement play out under the conditions of a pandemic? ==

In the context of the pandemic, some public institutions engaged in supporting a variety of economic sectors but did not provide adequate assistance in many social sectors. Civil-society organizations have complemented deficiencies in public social assistance especially in the sector of food and housing by providing meals or temporarily housing for those in need. Tapping into resources of existing community networks provides such emerging local initiatives with ‘internal’ resources (i.e. as internal to the community) that the public sector is unable to provide them with. This support allows community groups to survive and pursue sustainability and justice goals in cities in a context of selective governmental interventions.

4) Commit to a meaningful participation process

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Commit to a meaningful participation process

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Examples from real world governance interventions:

*[[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg]]
*[[Dealing flexibly with and learning from resistance in Barcelona]]
*[[Inner-city community energy in London]]
*[[Community led affordable housing in Brussels]]
*[[Regeneration of a deprived neighborhood in Rotterdam]]
*[[Citizens share in Berlin Energy Grid for sustainable energy]]

== General ambition ==

Meaningful participation means that citizens’ inputs are seriously considered in inclusive design and governance processes, that they visibly shape initiatives’ outcomes, and thus can influence the status quo in urban sustainability and justice. Such a process is also cognisant of who is invited and capable of participating, since otherwise it runs the risk of becoming a further driver of injustice. Committing to a meaningful participation process is important for both municipality-led and community-led initiatives.

#'''On the side of municipalities''': Municipal actors need to acknowledge and embrace the value of citizen participation in project development and trust civil-society in visioning and implementing projects. This entails a clear definition of roles and responsibilities and could even mean seeing each other as equally legitimate to engage in the project as partners (e.g. between municipal actors and citizens).
#'''On the side of civil society''': Committing to a meaningful participation process in bottom-up initiatives can also entail a thoughtful mix of deliberative and practical approaches to citizen participation. Public participation in the form of volunteering can be crucial for the initiative’s operation and legitimacy.

== Examples ==

''1. On the side of municipality''

''' ''Vauban neighborhood'', Freiburg '''

The citizen-led Vauban Forum was invited to participate in the “Vauban city planning council” (a consultative committee within the city council) which indicates that the municipality recognizes citizens as legitimate partners in the project development (Q.15 & 22).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Collaborating Across Institutional Boundaries: Co-Creating Sustainable Neighborhoods]]

''' ''Superblocks'', Barcelona'''

While establishing Superblocks, the municipality of Barcelona developed a standard procedure for participation in each block. Over the course of the project, this procedure became increasingly open putting responsibilities and decisions into the hand of formalised local working groups consisting of diverse local stakeholders (e.g. local businesses and residents) (Q14).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Dealing flexibly with and learning from resistance in Barcelona]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Reclaiming Street Space: Cooperation for Neighbourhood Transformation]]

''2. On the side of civil society''

''' ''Repowering'', London'''

Consultation with local residents informed the initiative’s problem definition (deliberative approach), and hands-on involvement (practical approach) in the creation of solar panels and internships led to increased interest and participation (Q.24).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Inner-city community energy in London]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[From Electricity to Empowerment: Democratizing Urban Energy Systems]]

''' ''Community Land Trust'', Brussels'''

Future building residents are essential actors in the planning process. From a very early stage they are central in visioning and realizing the creation of their future community land trust home (Q.14).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Reimagining Affordable Housing from the Ground Up: Community Land Trust Models]]

''' ''Carnisse neighborhood'', Rotterdam'''

To make the project more inclusive, project proponents developed two types of participation methods and invited residents to engage in a more deliberative one (e.g. visioning the district) and more practical one (e.g. developing activities in the community center and community garden).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Regeneration of a deprived neighborhood in Rotterdam]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Nurturing Trust in Community-Driven Regeneration: Continuity amidst Institutional Uncertainty]]

''' ''Büger Energie Berlin'', Berlin'''

BEB would not have been able to establish and grow the way it did without the contribution of volunteers. Most are students, mainly graduates from the field of renewable energies, but there are also retirees who want to use their free time to help the cooperative.
According to an interviewee,
''“Among the most important factors for the cooperative being alive and working to realize its goals is that we have a lot of people as volunteers giving their time and putting in their efforts [...] The two general managers are essentially doing what needs to be done from coordinating all the activities to implementing new ideas and doing all the nitty gritty and everything. However, that wouldn’t have been possible without the larger membership base that is gradually increasing”.''

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Citizens share in Berlin Energy Grid for sustainable energy]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Creating a Sustainable Energy System: a Citizen-Driven Transformation]]

== Relation to justice in urban sustainability governance ==

Committing to a meaningful participation process should help overcome one driver of injustice previously explored by UrbanA, [[Limited citizen participation in urban planning]]. This refers to the limited involvement and engagement of citizens and citizens’ initiatives in decision-making around the planning, design, implementation and/or evaluation of urban sustainability-oriented interventions.
By increasing the opportunity for serious consideration of citizens’ needs and desires, as well as providing the chance to take an active part in shaping initiatives, the status quo of urban sustainability and injustice can be called into question. This also means reducing barriers to participation for specific marginalized groups, such as single parents or low income individuals, by providing childcare options or some form of financial compensation for their time. This effort can help increase procedural and representational justice in urban sustainability governance.

== Critical reflection ==

Participation processes can be a driver of injustice if they are not planned very carefully around fostering inclusivity, but are, for example, ignorant of who is invited and capable of participating.
They also can risk placing extra burden on those who take part and shift responsibilities from the public to private realms.
From a logistical perspective, participation processes can be costly and time intensive, and therefore not feasible for initiatives with limited financial resources.
In some cases, citizen participation may also risk the achievement of ecological goals, if they conflict with social priorities (like e.g. at Barcelona park, where citizens wished for recreation which conflicted with ecological preservation goals). In such a case, project managers would be required to avoid a zero-sum game situation and instead work towards a solution that addresses social priorities without compromising ecological sustainability.

== Covid-19 connection/How does this enabling arrangement play out under the conditions of a pandemic? ==

Under Covid-19, in-person activities have been severely restricted, which naturally limits participation processes. While online methods such as participation apps, surveys, and video conferencing may be able to make up for some of the loss, and possibly make participation more accessible for some, like for example, mobility-impaired individuals, the lack of in-person gatherings makes meaningful and truly inclusive participation processes more challenging. This is especially true for participatory initiatives which include, and/or rely on, collective in-person involvement from volunteers.

3) Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups

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Examples from real world governance interventions:

*[[Bottom-up resistance against gentrification in Rome]]
*[[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg]]
*[[Citizens share in Berlin Energy Grid for sustainable energy]]
*[[Inner-city community energy in London]]

== General ambition ==

Metaphorically building bridges between separate groups of stakeholders often requires the establishment of formal or informal roles (institutionalisation) for individuals or organisations to intermediate, broker information and translate language between different stakeholders of a project. Such “intermediaries” play a crucial role by translating and enabling communication e.g. between civil society groups and governmental actors in order to realize a joint project. They have to be recognised in a way that both civil society groups and institutional/municipal actors feel heard and valued and thus build trust in stakeholders which follow different rationales and have developed different cultures of interaction. More important than how exactly the intermediary operates is its function, which at its core is often about enabling communication and furthering democratic participation on a decentralised, local level. Therefore an intermediary can be of different nature e.g a single project manager, a committee/platform, an open-meeting space or a dedicated organisation. In some cases, like in the fourth example below from London, local governments can also serve and work as an intermediary between different stakeholders. Such bridging roles are not exclusively found between institutional actors and citizens. Connecting/ translating language/ and intermediating between interests of different departments within a municipality can be equally important (to break up ‘silos’ or to counter ‘compartmentalization’)..

== Examples ==

''' ''Anti-gentrification resistance'', Rome '''

The role of anti-eviction platforms was crucial as they contributed to voice the claim and to represent the interests of evicted/targeted citizens. The anti-eviction platforms liaised between them and the municipality as well as the Housing Authority. However, they did not have a formal role in influencing policy making. (Q.13).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Bottom-up resistance against gentrification in Rome]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Countering Gentrification: Community Based and Collaborative Methods]]

''' ''Vauban neighborhood'', Freiburg'''

The “Vauban city planning council” was a consultative committee consisting of municipal actors, local parliamentarians and citizens. It can be considered as an intermediary as it was a place for discussion and mediation between stakeholders (Q.15).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Collaborating Across Institutional Boundaries: Co-Creating Sustainable Neighborhoods]]

''' ''Bürger Energie Berlin'', Berlin'''

There have been changes in terms of changing how the energy system can be imagined, who owns it and who participates in it. Political documents for example the coalition agreement in Berlin have some changes, particular attention has been given to citizens’ participation in the energy sector. Now there is also legislation for tenants’ energy self-consumption models which the citizen energy movement has contributed to (Interview with a BEB representative on Sep. 9,2020).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Citizens share in Berlin Energy Grid for sustainable energy]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Creating a Sustainable Energy System: a Citizen-Driven Transformation]]

'''''Repowering'', London'''

The local government, Lambeth Council, which had a small group running a Low Carbon Zone served as an intermediary organization in the beginning which helped the team organize themselves and contact other relevant groups. The enabling configuration is the connectedness of this Council to various groups in the area. However, this group was small and had minimal capacity (Q.13).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Inner-city community energy in London]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[From Electricity to Empowerment: Democratizing Urban Energy Systems]]

== Relation to justice in urban sustainability governance ==

This enabling governance arrangement tries to overcome injustices caused mostly by the [[Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities]] as well as [[Unfit institutional structures]].

Lack of effective knowledge brokerage and stewardship opportunities as a driver of injustice refers to the ways in which (access to) useful information and know-how around sustainable urban interventions, and their benefits, is not shared effectively or equally among social groups, sectors or disciplines and thus constrain the potential for both sustainability and justice. Creating bridging roles can help in overcoming barriers that certain disadvantaged groups might have, especially concerning the access to useful information of urban development projects around sustainability and justice. By translating language of practitioners/academia to one that disadvantaged groups can connect to in a better way, they can also express their needs and potential fears around these projects furthering especially procedural justice as well as justice as recognition.

Unfit institutional structures as a driver of injustice refers to those aspects or functions of organizations, public offices, administrations and authorities that deal with urban governance and stand in the way of achieving just outcomes in urban sustainability.
Trying to bridge between e.g different municipal departments is key to overcoming silo-thinking and for the development of projects that integrate justice in urban sustainability governance. Institutionalising a role to translate language between municipal actors and underrepresented groups is also central when trying to commit to a meaningful participatory process.

== Critical reflection ==

As mentioned, intermediaries have to meaningfully consider voices of all involved stakeholders of a project. They therefore possess a very powerful role, as they can steer the project in certain directions by favoring some voices over others. This is especially important in justice oriented sustainability governance as the past decades have shown that certain entrenched interests (economic, class-based, race-based...) have been given priority in urban governance. This means that intermediaries have to know about types of barriers that different groups of underrepresented citizens might face. These barriers can be very unique for e.g women, children, undereducated/poor residents or people who are underrepresented because of their race. Sometimes, exclusion of underrepresented voices may therefore even happen with intermediaries that are supposed to include very different groups of citizens, as it is very difficult to recognise these barriers if you come from a position of power yourself. Intermediators may also play a highly problematic role if they disguise or downplay actual differences in objectives between different actors (e.g. achieving ‘green growth’ vs. ‘overcoming capitalism’) for the sake of harmony, a feeling of common purpose or the success of tangible projects.

== Covid-19 connection/How does this enabling arrangement play out under the conditions of a pandemic? ==

Institutions and processes that rely on different people to meet are facing restrictions concerning the number of people that can participate or even making meetings impossible at all. Purely switching to online formats does not seem feasible here as these bridging organizations build on low-entry barriers. Online meetings/formats could be a higher hurdle especially for older or less educated people as well as people who do not speak the language properly making the work of bridging roles more difficult.

2) Make space for adaptation and experimentation

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Make space for adaptation and experimentation

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Examples from real world governance interventions:

*[[Regeneration of a deprived neighborhood in Rotterdam]]
*[[Holistic neighbourhood development Augustenborg]]
*[[Citizens share in Berlin Energy Grid for sustainable energy]]
*[[Community led affordable housing in Brussels]]
*[[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg]]

== General ambition ==

Adaptability within initiatives for sustainable and just cities means leaving space for careful modifications and detours along their path to fulfilling overarching visions. In other words, initiatives may benefit from continuously and collectively deciding how much they are willing to adapt their plans based on new information and circumstances. Therefore, adaptability requires regular internal reflection amongst initiative proponents on shifting political, social, ecological and economic conditions, as well as on new developments and knowledge from within the project.
Openness to adaptation entails striking a balance between unresponsive devotion to pre-set agendas and a lack of persistence with decisions that have been made. A reflexive approach to adaptability can support initiatives’ efforts to remain viable, gain influence, and stick to their transformative ideas.
In many cases, a rudimentary level of adaptability is required to keep initiatives afloat amongst disadvantageous circumstances, such as the removal of important subsidies. In others, flexibility in short-term agendas may allow initiatives to take advantage of beneficial windows of opportunity. While this type of adaptability is reactive, many innovative experiences benefit from proactively adopting an experimental approach to project design and implementation. An experimental mindset uses a “probe and learn” approach and allows room for mistakes and new developments, while still working towards long-term visions. Such a mindset can be embodied in an organization’s culture and structures. A critical mass of initiative proponents who uphold an experimental ethos will allow for more learning opportunities and creative ways to tackle seemingly unchangeable injustices and unsustainable practices.

==Examples==

''' ''Regeneration of a deprived neighborhood in Rotterdam'', Rotterdam'''

Project proponents (mostly local organizations) had an overall vision of the project development but it was not set in stone. The idea was to translate an existing methodology about transition management and to make it custom fit to the local context. For instance, the creation of a community center was not planned in advance and was envisioned and initiated by local stakeholders (Q.27 & 28). The project consortium was given a “carte blanche” for developing and experimenting the Resilience Lab. Whereas most funded projects are predefined and have to follow a pre-established framework, the freedom given to the consortium partners enabled them to progressively develop and adapt their methodology to the local context. This freedom was crucial to the success of the Reliance Lab. (Q13) The Resilience Lab - was thus a “test bed for new methodologies and innovative practices” (Q17)

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Regeneration of a deprived neighborhood in Rotterdam]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Nurturing Trust in Community-Driven Regeneration: Continuity amidst Institutional Uncertainty]].

''' ''Holistic neighbourhood development Augustenborg'', Augustenborg'''

An experimental approach was crucial; not being too uptight and learning from mistakes. This allowed for a lot great degree of adaptivity in the project (Q20).
In the beginning of the project, many people shared this experimental mindset. But However, when certain people were no longer involved in the project (e.g due to changes in department heads) and were replaced by others without this mentality, flexibility and adaptivity started to get lost in the chain of command. Flexibility in project implementation thus disappeared when the critical mass of people no longer held a shared sense of responsibility and were more afraid of making mistakes (Q20).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Holistic neighbourhood development Augustenborg]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Overcoming Silos in Urban Regeneration Projects: Holistic Neighbourhood Design]].

''' ''Citizens share in Berlin Energy Grid for sustainable energy'', Berlin'''

when Vattenfall filed a lawsuit against the government's decision on remunicipalisation, there were high chances of the situation disfavouring BEB. Thus, to stay relevant and for achieving their overarching goal of green electricity production and provision, BEB is reinventing itself and working on numerous other projects including solar energy production. A BEB representative in an interview stated,
‘...adapting to the circumstances is very important because overtime ... circumstances change a lot. You have to constantly reflect whether your vision is still relevant and up to date and do we need to adapt and can we carry on' (Q25).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Citizens share in Berlin Energy Grid for sustainable energy]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Creating a Sustainable Energy System: a Citizen-Driven Transformation]].

''' ''Community led affordable housing in Brussels'', Brussels'''

While they try to develop standardized procedures when possible, the Land Trust team claims that it is essential to reflect upon and adapt to internal learning and external change: “We are constantly reflecting on things... For every part of the operation we regularly rethink how to do it. This happens at the level of the team, and also on the level of our working groups, partner associations, experts and other stakeholders, and the level of our board." (Interview with De Pauw) (Q26a) Furthermore, from the beginning, the Brussels Capital Region, a major financial supporter of the Land Trust, was responsive to the initiative’s interests, allowing it space to develop its innovative ideas (Q20).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Community led affordable housing in Brussels]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Reimagining Affordable Housing from the Ground Up: Community Land Trust Models]].

''' ''Vauban'', Freiburg'''

Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg: From Q15 “The municipality also implemented the principle of “Planning that Learns," meaning that pilot initiatives would be experimented before being widely enforced. A prime example of this principle is the mobility concept of Vauban, which was first operated in one third of the district before being implemented in the whole neighborhood (Interview with A.).”

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Collaborating Across Institutional Boundaries: Co-Creating Sustainable Neighborhoods]].

== Relation to justice in urban sustainability governance ==

Adaptability in project design and implementation allows for responsiveness to changing social and economic conditions and better-positions initiatives to meet the shifting needs of those it serves. This governance arrangement attempts to address [[unfit institutional structures]]. The “unfit institutional structures” that were identified as a ‘driver of injustice’ refer to the strict top-down approaches which limit knowledge generation and exchange, and to rigid bureaucracies and regulatory barriers which often result in sustainability policies that fail to address the realities of vulnerable residents. Furthermore, experimental mindsets may allow for more innovative thinking around how to tackle injustice, based on ideas from various actors, including local residents. This could help in finding solutions which would not arise from more risk/mistake-averse approaches to project design and implementation.

== Critical reflection ==

When initiatives adapt too well to an environment that is structurally unsustainable and unjust, they risk to lose their transformative potential and integrity, e.g. as a ‘counter model’. Calls for adaptability can also help to pursue other agendas under the disguise of vague commitments to sustainability and justice. Due to flexibility in the design and implementation also unanticipated costs and challenges may incur. Furthermore, projects working with vulnerable groups may be more risk averse and try to minimize risk and experimentation as to avoid harming these people (i.e. low income residents developing social housing, can’t allow room for mistakes) (Interview with De Pauw).
It is rare that initiatives receive funding with “no-strings attached”, and instead most funded projects are predefined and have to follow a pre-established framework, consequently limiting adaptability. Therefore, funding may be contingent on measurement of progress with regards to reaching predefined goals. While stoically sticking to a preset agenda might limit creative opportunities for overcoming problems, being “too flexible” could give an impression of incompetence and disarray, therefore reducing stakeholder confidence and commitment to the project.

== Covid-19 connection/How does this enabling arrangement play out under the conditions of a pandemic? ==

This governance arrangement is essential for initiatives operating in the context of COVID-19 – a time of great economic and social uncertainty. The global pandemic necessitates a basic level of flexibility, as adaptation of many aspects, from daily activities to long-term strategic planning, may be essential for a project’s survival. Going forward, this situation presents a strong case for “building-in” opportunities for flexibility by leaving space for contingency plans, and encourages an experimental mindset to explore new ways of flourishing under vastly different circumstances.

Database of governance arrangements

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Across Europe there is an inspiring array of experimentation with local governance arrangements for just and sustainable cities.

What is '''governance'''? It can be broadly understood as all formal and informal political processes (involving state and non-state actors) that lead to collective action.

On this database, you will find the summaries of results of a study on fruitful governance interventions for sustainable and just cities.

Would you like to get involved? We've asked some questions in the following sections, and you can share your suggestions with us via email to [[User:Philipp Spaeth|Philipp Spaeth]]. If you haven't already, please feel free to join the [[UrbanA Community of Practice]].

 '''Note: This page is currently under construction! Keep an eye out for colourful vignettes and videos, coming soon.'''

== Enabling governance arrangements ==

Enabling governance arrangements are combinations of actor constellations and institutional settings that have proven a potential to support urban governance towards just and sustainable cities in several cases of real-world Governance Interventions.

Looking at a selection of ten situated governance interventions for sustainable and just cities (as summarized in our scenarios), we asked:

''What key elements of governance arrangements enabled those interventions to come to fruition?''

You can find background information on ten original, real-world governance interventions, our empirical basis, in our database of rich descriptions (for more information, please refer to the section methodology).

You will see references to these interventions in the form of brief examples to illustrate each enabling governance arrangement. The question numbers accompanying the examples, like ''“(Q18)”'', will lead you to the pertinent section of the respective description of a real world governance intervention.

We assume that the enabling governance arrangements were aimed at sustainable and just outcomes, which makes it likely that they can be useful for interventions with similar goals in other instances as well. However, we do not claim that these enabling governance arrangements are the sole factors for bringing interventions to fruition, as the latter will always be embedded in local contexts with place-based factors being important as well.

When clicking on one of the items #1 - #6 below, you will find a short description as well as links to the real world governance experiments which have inspired us to synthesize these potentially 'enabling governance arrangements'.

#[[Create a comprehensive vision of change]]

[[2) Make space for adaptation and experimentation]]

[[3) Build bridges between separate stakeholder groups]]

[[4) Commit to a meaningful participation process]]

[[5) Tap into existing community networks]]

[[6) Develop resilient, and self-sufficient financing arrangements]]

Which further governance arrangement do you consider crucial on the way towards governance for sustainability AND justice in cities?

== Governance interventions ==

We have selected ten real-word experiments (mostly within EU-funded projects) and developed '''detailed descriptions''' which detail their governance variables and processes. We have also created a brief '''governance scenario''' per case studied. These scenarios share general insights in a narrative style, and we hope that they pique your interest and provide inspiration about what could be possible in your city!

We stress that the interventions presented below (the detailed descriptions and the corresponding scenarios) - '''are not entirely “successful interventions”'''. Rather, they are regarded as '''general inspiration''' and real-world cases for testing out how to enable translocal learning.

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background-color:#efefef;"
! Detailed governance intervention descriptions
! Brief governance scenarios
|-
| 1.[[Bottom-up resistance against gentrification in Rome]]
| 1.[[Countering Gentrification: Community Based and Collaborative Methods]]
|-
| 2.[[Citizens rescuing and sharing food in Berlin]]
| 2.[[Tackling Waste: Community Practices for Food Rescuing and Sharing]]
|-
| 3.[[Community led affordable housing in Brussels]]
| 3.[[Reimagining Affordable Housing from the Ground Up: Community Land Trust Models]]
|-
| 4.[[Dealing flexibly with and learning from resistance in Barcelona]]
| 4.[[Reclaiming Street Space: Cooperation for Neighbourhood Transformation]]
|-
| 5.[[Biodiversity protection and social justice in the Barcelona Natural Park]]
| 5.[[Negotiating Green Space Development: Balancing Long-Term Sustainability and Short-Term Social Needs]]
|-
| 6.[[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg]]
| 6.[[Collaborating Across Institutional Boundaries: Co-Creating Sustainable Neighborhoods]]
|-
| 7.[[Inner-city community energy in London]]
| 7.[[From Electricity to Empowerment: Democratizing Urban Energy Systems]]
|-
| 8.[[Holistic neighbourhood development Augustenborg]]
| 8.[[Overcoming Silos in Urban Regeneration Projects: Holistic Neighbourhood Design]]
|-
| 9.[[Citizens share in Berlin Energy Grid for sustainable energy]]
| 9.[[Creating a Sustainable Energy System: a Citizen-Driven Transformation]]
|-
| 10.[[Regeneration of a deprived neighborhood in Rotterdam]]
| 10.[[Nurturing Trust in Community-Driven Regeneration: Continuity amidst Institutional Uncertainty]]
|}

'''Example of a partially successful governance intervention'''

In addition to our 10 fruitful governance interventions for sustainability and justice in cities (see above), we developed a [[Public-private partnerships for sustainability infrastructure in Athens| rich description]] and a [[ Bringing sustainable infrastructure - carefully engaging in public-private partnerships|scenario]] of a governance intervention that demonstrates possible pitfalls when developing sustainable infrastructure in a public-private partnership. This intervention extracted from a south-eastern European setting outlines the partial success of governance interventions and encourages caution about the externalities of public-private partnerships, especially in the context of austerity that may increase in the post-COVID era.

Template for developing further descriptions: [[Rich description template]]

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Examples from real world governance interventions:
*[[Dealing flexibly with and learning from resistance in Barcelona]]
*[[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg]]
*[[Regeneration of a deprived neighborhood in Rotterdam]]
*[[Biodiversity protection and social justice in the Barcelona Natural Park]]

== General ambition ==

A comprehensive vision of change is most influential when developed at multiple levels of governance, ranging from municipality-level visions to local visions for communities. While these visions encompass different scales and sectors, their convergence is important for supporting positive change. Visioning can include both abstract, deliberative processes about big questions, as well as practical details about specific projects.

# '''Broad, Integrated Visions''': A comprehensive vision of change towards sustainability and justice for an entire city can be built by integrating several small-scale interventions from different sectors. This can manifest itself in policies and laws. Key to this enabling governance arrangement is therefore the interaction between different scales of urban planning and policy making.
#'''Bottom-up, Community Visions''': Community-based organizations can generate grassroots visions of change based on collecting residents’ goals, ambitions, and images of the future.

== Examples ==

''Addressing the dimension 1.''

''' ''Superblocks'', Barcelona'''

When creating and implementing so-called “Superblocks” in the city, Barcelona embedded them in multiple city-level policies. Very important, for example, was the “Citizen Commitment for Sustainability” which was first signed in 2002 by over 800 public, private and civil-society organisations. Superblocks are one of the several actions that are defined in the document and consequently, experience public support. In general, Superblocks are connected to different policies e.g the Municipal Action Plan, the Barcelona Mobility Pact (1998), the Urban Mobility Plan of Barcelona (2013-2018), the city’s Green Infrastructure and Biodiversity Plan (until 2020) or the Barcelona Commitment to Climate, which creates synergies and gives the city a vision for comprehensive change, including Superblocks as one of the many means of reaching that change. (Q18)

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Dealing flexibly with and learning from resistance in Barcelona]]
* Check out the brief governance scenario called [[Reclaiming Street Space: Cooperation for Neighbourhood Transformation]].

''Addressing the dimension 2.''

''' ''Vauban neighborhood'', Freibrug'''

Vauban’s prospective residents as well as project proponents developed a shared vision on how to live in a more sustainable way i.e. parking free areas, sustainable mobility, affordable and inclusive housing etc. (Q.14). This shared vision was possible because of a convergence between municipal priorities and community aspirations for the new district (Q13).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Co-creation of a sustainable neighborhood in Freiburg]]
* check out the brief governance scenario called [[Collaborating Across Institutional Boundaries: Co-Creating Sustainable Neighborhoods]].

''' ''Carnisse neighborhood'', Rotterdam'''

In workshops organized by local organizations, residents were invited to develop a shared vision of the district redevelopment and establish an agenda for transformative and experimental actions e.g. create a community center, a shared garden etc. (Q.14).

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Regeneration of a deprived neighborhood in Rotterdam]]
* check out the brief governance scenario called [[Nurturing Trust in Community-Driven Regeneration: Continuity amidst Institutional Uncertainty]].

== Relation to justice in urban sustainability governance ==

Broad, integrated visions may overcome injustices caused by [[Unfit institutional structures]] and [[Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration]].
Unfit institutional structures as a driver of injustice refers to those aspects or functions of organizations, public offices, administrations and authorities that deal with urban governance and stand in the way of achieving just outcomes in urban sustainability.
Uneven and exclusionary urban intensification and regeneration as a driver of injustice refers to the ways in which new urban developments might force trade-offs between the social and environmental goals of urban sustainability projects. It involves public efforts to improve a neighbourhood’s physical structure and boost its economy by attracting investment, usually in the sectors of real estate and tourism.
In this enabling governance arrangement, finding a balance between ecological sustainability, social and economical goals of a city is especially important, as a comprehensive vision built on integrated planning should guide the city in balancing these goals.

Community organizations that actively work in a certain neighbourhood may be better positioned to include voices of underrepresented groups in their area than a municipality-led participatory process. Expressing a vision of the future through different types of exercises (e.g. drawing) can empower certain groups (e.g children or people not speaking the same language) that otherwise might not have the ability to express themselves in other types of settings. Thinking about how you want your personal future to look like and how a project can help to reach that future has a huge potential in connecting individuals to one another, in fostering a sense of belonging and in generating momentum.

== Critical reflection ==

A potential barrier to benefitting from a previously developed comprehensive vision of change lies in its actual implementation in small scale interventions. There is sometimes a gap between what is happening in smaller-scale-projects and with bigger visions (and policies) as economic considerations often dominate the design and implementation of even sustainability-oriented small-scale projects, leading to ecologically unsustainable or unjust outcomes, also on a city-wide level.
The challenge then is not only the development of a comprehensive vision of change, but to also empower it to actually shape small-scale interventions.

Additionally, developing a comprehensive vision of change is a significant task that community projects take upon themselves. It requires investing resources that can not at the same time go directly into changes in the project itself. Talking about where to go with a project in the longer term at the cost of working less towards tangible improvements also requires commitment, effort and belief. Especially community projects that completely rely on voluntary work might not have the capacity to do this. Projects therefore need to find a good balance between thinking about a vision for their project and actively working to achieve tangible results.

In some cases, different stakeholders may have conflicting visions of an area, or initiative. There is even a risk, for example, for conflicting visions to create tension between social and ecological priorities. In such a case, project managers would be required to avoid a zero-sum game situation and instead work towards a solution that addresses social priorities without compromising ecological sustainability.

==Examples==

''' ''Barcelona National Park'', Barcelona'''

Striking a balance between dual goals of biodiversity protection and fulfilling local citizens' demand for greater access to green spaces and recreational activities was very important for the Park. The Special Plan for the Protection of the Natural Environment and Landscape of Collserola Mountain (PepNat) responded to the challenge of preserving biodiversity while providing much needed recreational ecosystem services, especially in relation to the high density of population in surrounding areas. (Q9)

Learn more about this intervention:
* Take a look at the detailed [[Biodiversity protection and social justice in the Barcelona Natural Park]]
* check out the brief governance scenario called [[Negotiating Green Space Development: Balancing Long-Term Sustainability and Short-Term Social Needs]].

== Covid-19 connection/How does this enabling arrangement play out under the conditions of a pandemic? ==

Under social distancing regulations, community projects cannot meet as normal and face restrictions when doing so. Online formats may not offer a good substitute especially considering the spirit that some community projects rely upon as well, thus making the development of a comprehensive vision of change harder.

UrbanA Community of Practice

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The UrbanA Community of Practice (CoP) is an open network of individuals committed to taking constructive action on urban social inequality and ecological unsustainability in the ambition to create more just and sustainable cities.

This page is part of an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database, which collects relevant approaches that can be used by city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. This page makes no claims of authoritative completeness and welcomes your suggestions.

== What is a Community of Practice (CoP)? ==

A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_practice Community of Practice] is a group of people who share a common interest and who collaborate and learn together about how to develop this interest and apply it in practice. An [[UrbanA Community of Practice case study]] was written in September 2020. Like any other community of practice, the UrbanA CoP has the three main elements:

'''A shared interest''' – in this case justice and sustainability in cities.

'''A community that shares this interest''' – all active participants in, contributors to and followers of the project.

'''What the community undertakes together''' – ongoing engagement in UrbanA through the four Arena events, [[UrbanA side events]] and other project activities.

== Who is part of the UrbanA Community of Practice? ==

[[File:UrbanACoP.jpg|frame|left|300px|Degrees of participation in the UrbanA CoP]]

The structure of the UrbanA CoP can be represented as a series of concentric circles, each indicating different levels of engagement (see diagram). The most central circles represent the highest levels of commitment to and involvement in the project.

- At the centre are the project consortium, who have a professional commitment to management and delivery of the project over its three-year duration

- [https://urban-arena.eu/people/#fellows UrbanA Fellows] commit to attend all four Arena events and actively contribute to other CoP activities such as writing blog posts and hosting online events.

- Beyond this are other Arena participants, then people not participating in arenas themselves but following the project and reading or otherwise its outputs, and finally all those whose lives are indirectly touched by UrbanA's contributions to urban sustainability and justice.

The UrbanA CoP is sustained on an ongoing basis by targeted communications activities and social learning processes. [[UrbanA Community Conversations]] are interactive webinars occurring every 2/3 weeks during the duration of the UrbanA project (2019 - 2021) focusing on urban justice and sustainability. These webinars as well as UrbanA tools, reports, podcasts and blogs, all to be collated on the UrbanA website, are developed together by the UrbanA consortium and the wider UrbanA CoP members, with the final aim of building a stronger community. An [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1etAbeDxHlh5MALod3p_rnarSqsI2vcDH/view UrbanA CoP PDF] was prepared for the [https://urban-arena.eu/barcelona-arena/ Barcelona Arena] in June 2020.

== How can you join the UrbanA Community of Practice? ==

'''Join the UrbanA discussion.''' Become a member of our [https://www.linkedin.com/groups/13794274/ UrbanA CoP LinkedIn group] and the [https://communitiesforfuture.org/collaborate/groups/urban-sustainability-and-justice/forum/ Urban Sustainability and Justice Forum] on the [[Communities for Future]] (CfF) action platform. There we share anything relevant to our community and we initiate discussions.

'''Join our [[UrbanA Community Conversations]] on Zoom.''' These are not classic “only-listen-webinars”, the participatory component is essential to us: we want to give as much space as possible to questions, comments and exchange. You can find the last updates on when the next webinar takes place on our [https://urban-arena.eu/event/ website] and [https://twitter.com/arena_urban Twitter account], or by checking the [https://twitter.com/hashtag/UrbanaCoCo?src=hashtag_click&f=live #UrbanACoCo] hashtag.

'''Contribute to the [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=Main_Page Wiki on Just and Sustainable cities].''' Together we have created the [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=Main_Page Wiki on Just and Sustainable cities], an important part of UrbanA’s [[knowledge commons]]. Anytime you want, you can create a Wiki account, and contribute to this knowledge! Read this call for co-creation to know more.

'''Subscribe to our newsletter.''' We won’t spam you. We send a newsletter every couple of months as a recap to UrbanA’s most important updates. Subscribe here and see here the past newsletter.

'''Listen to our Podcasts.''' The [[UrbanA Podcasts]] are available on the main systems, like Spotify and from our [https://urban-arena.eu/resources/#podcast website].

'''Follow our social & multimedia.''' You find us on [https://twitter.com/arena_urban Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/14840769/admin/ Linkedin], [https://www.instagram.com/arena_urbana/ Instagram], [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZCzSNtUty6Q4DOQr7u_CUg Youtube], [https://www.facebook.com/UrbanArena.project Facebook] and we have a lot of good content on our [https://urban-arena.eu/ website] too. You can also read our [https://urban-arena.eu/resources/#publications publications] and our [https://urban-arena.eu/news/ news blogs] - all about urban justice and sustainability.

Main Page

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Welcome to the Wiki on Sustainable Just Cities!

This Wiki is an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database and knowledge source for the Community of Practice of the [https://urban-arena.eu/ UrbanA] project. It captures the learning process of the UrbanA [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=UrbanA_Community_of_Practice Community of Practice] and is an important part of UrbanA's knowledge commons. It includes a database of '''[[Database of approaches|approaches]]''' and '''[[Database of projects & initiatives|projects & initiatives]]''' to just and sustainable cities.

[[File:UrbanA_Logo.png|right|600px|link=https://urban-arena.eu/|UrbanA Website]]

==A call for co-creation==
{|
{{#ev:youtube|KwMmc76P4Qg|450|left}}
|
|This Wiki on Sustainable Just Cities is part of a knowledge commons that serves as a resource for everyone that wants to contribute to more sustainable and just cities. It is not only for everyone to use the knowledge that is on there, but also for everyone to share their own knowledge and experience. The idea of a knowledge commons is that it is owned and governed by all of those who use it.

'''You are warmly invited to edit and adapt any of the current pages, by e.g. adding examples, correcting or complementing information. And/or to add your own approaches, projects, initiatives and user profiles. Becoming a Wiki-user is every easy and quick.'''

For information on how, check out the '''[[Project:User guide|User guide]]'''. This guide includes links to tips on formatting and editing wiki pages.

In the video to the left, UrbanA researcher Flor Avelino explains the importance of the wiki to UrbanA's knowledge co-creation processes.
|}

==About UrbanA==

{{#ev:youtube|h2mXmYnhpqg|450|right||frame}}

Cities play a key role in responding to the great challenges of our time. However increasing poverty and inequality, exacerbated by the recent financial and housing crises, are putting the social cohesion and resilience of European cities to the test.

Much research has focused on teasing out the causes of urban social inequality and ecological unsustainability, and on understanding the connections, tensions and contradictions between the two. Research and innovation have also contributed to the development of ways to make cities more just and sustainable. Yet the need to consolidate and effectively communicate this knowledge and experience remains.

UrbanA, Urban Arenas for Sustainable and Just Cities, takes up this challenge. Further information on UrbanA, a major EU-funded project on urban sustainability and justice, can be found on the project's [http://www.urban-arena.eu public website].

==Why this Wiki==
In order to transform our cities into more sustainable and just environments, we need actionable knowledge that is relevant and accessible to as many people as possible. Currently, too much knowledge remains fragmented and inaccessible. Through the UrbanA project, we aim to synthesize and broker existing knowledge as well as further develop and translate knowledge into action. One important way in which we do this is through the UrbanA Wiki Database on Sustainable Just Cities.

A Wiki is a decentralized approach to knowledge co-creation and information sharing. The ‘wisdom of the crowd’ is in the lead (instead of top-down development by a central manager). It supports inclusive, co-creative, open access and open source approaches to knowledge generation.

==Databases==
[[File:Mapping of Approaches.jpg|thumb|left|360px|link=https://urban-arena.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Zine-final-version_Optimised.pdf|Mapping of Approaches for UrbanA project during Rotterdam Arena Event]]
This wiki captures this learning process and provides a shared workspace for the UrbanA [https://urban-arena.eu/people/community-of-practice/ Community of Practice]. The database began as a set of approaches and research methods linking urban sustainability and justice. The latest addition is a set of drivers of injustice that can arise as (usually unitended) side-effects of urban sustainability efforts. Use of this wiki will connect closely with our [https://www.zotero.org/groups/2324475/urbana_library shared virtual library]. Visit the list of approaches, drivers, governance arrangements, projects and people by following these links:

*'''[[Database of approaches]]'''

*'''[[Database of drivers of injustice]]'''

*'''[[Database of governance interventions]]'''

*'''[[Database of projects & initiatives]]'''

*'''[[Database of people]]'''

The covid-19 crisis has exposed severe inequities in European urban areas while showing the fragility of an unsustainable growth-oriented economic system. The [[UrbanA Community of Practice]] has collected resources that intersect the covid-19 crisis with issues of justice, sustainability and urbanization.

*'''[[Cities, justice, sustainability and covid-19]]'''

== The UrbanA Community of Practice ==
[[File:4.PNG|thumb|right|275px|link=https://urban-arena.eu/people/|UrbanA Community of Practice]]
A central element of UrbanA is the '''[[UrbanA_Community_of_Practice|Community of Practice]]''' (CoP). The CoP is an open network of individuals committed to taking constructive action on urban social inequality and ecological unsustainability in the ambition to create more just and sustainable cities.

Since April 2020 the CoP has held (near) bi-weekly, online [[Community Conversations]] (CoCos). An [[UrbanA Community of Practice case study]] was written in September 2020.

Read more about the CoP and how to get involved [[UrbanA_Community_of_Practice|here]].

== The next Arena ==
The last [https://urban-arena.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/UrbanA_2nd-Arena_preliminary-agenda_V2.pdf UrbanA Arena event] addressed justice challenges in urban sustainability and took place on 4-5th June,2020. It included an open webinar, on the afternoon of June 5th, which had been recorded [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dx2B3R9jTc Youtube].

The next arena will take place on March 18/19, 2021 in Berlin. We will discuss experiences with governance arrangements that are favourable to justice and sustainability in cities and how trans-local learning about such arrangements can be fostered. [https://urban-arena.eu/arenas/ Find more information here]

==Disclaimer==
This site holds an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database, which attempts to collect relevant approaches that can be used by city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities.

Until now, the pages are based mainly on knowledge generated in [https://cordis.europa.eu/ EU-funded projects], distilled and summarised by consortium members.

The database touches on fast-changing fields. As such, this page makes no claims of authoritative completeness and welcomes your suggestions and input.

==Copyright==
Reuse of content for non-commercial purposes is permitted, with attribution, under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Creative Commons Licence BY-NC 4.0].

Further information is available on our [[Project: copyrights|copyrights]] page.

Main Page

2020-10-02T14:42:09Z

Tom.henfrey: /* Disclaimer */ layout

Welcome to the Wiki on Sustainable Just Cities!

This Wiki is an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database and knowledge source for the Community of Practice of the [https://urban-arena.eu/ UrbanA] project. It captures the learning process of the UrbanA [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=UrbanA_Community_of_Practice Community of Practice] and is an important part of UrbanA's knowledge commons. It includes a database of '''[[Database of approaches|approaches]]''' and '''[[Database of projects & initiatives|projects & initiatives]]''' to just and sustainable cities.

[[File:UrbanA_Logo.png|right|600px|link=https://urban-arena.eu/|UrbanA Website]]

==A call for co-creation==
{|
{{#ev:youtube|KwMmc76P4Qg|450|left}}
|
|This Wiki on Sustainable Just Cities is part of a knowledge commons that serves as a resource for everyone that wants to contribute to more sustainable and just cities. It is not only for everyone to use the knowledge that is on there, but also for everyone to share their own knowledge and experience. The idea of a knowledge commons is that it is owned and governed by all of those who use it.

'''You are warmly invited to edit and adapt any of the current pages, by e.g. adding examples, correcting or complementing information. And/or to add your own approaches, projects, initiatives and user profiles. Becoming a Wiki-user is every easy and quick.'''

For information on how, check out the '''[[Project:User guide|User guide]]'''. This guide includes links to tips on formatting and editing wiki pages.

In the video to the left, UrbanA researcher Flor Avelino explains the importance of the wiki to UrbanA's knowledge co-creation processes.
|}

==About UrbanA==

{{#ev:youtube|h2mXmYnhpqg|450|right||frame}}

Cities play a key role in responding to the great challenges of our time. However increasing poverty and inequality, exacerbated by the recent financial and housing crises, are putting the social cohesion and resilience of European cities to the test.

Much research has focused on teasing out the causes of urban social inequality and ecological unsustainability, and on understanding the connections, tensions and contradictions between the two. Research and innovation have also contributed to the development of ways to make cities more just and sustainable. Yet the need to consolidate and effectively communicate this knowledge and experience remains.

UrbanA, Urban Arenas for Sustainable and Just Cities, takes up this challenge. Further information on UrbanA, a major EU-funded project on urban sustainability and justice, can be found on the project's [http://www.urban-arena.eu public website].

==Why this Wiki==
In order to transform our cities into more sustainable and just environments, we need actionable knowledge that is relevant and accessible to as many people as possible. Currently, too much knowledge remains fragmented and inaccessible. Through the UrbanA project, we aim to synthesize and broker existing knowledge as well as further develop and translate knowledge into action. One important way in which we do this is through the UrbanA Wiki Database on Sustainable Just Cities.

A Wiki is a decentralized approach to knowledge co-creation and information sharing. The ‘wisdom of the crowd’ is in the lead (instead of top-down development by a central manager). It supports inclusive, co-creative, open access and open source approaches to knowledge generation.

==Databases==
[[File:Mapping of Approaches.jpg|thumb|left|360px|link=https://urban-arena.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Zine-final-version_Optimised.pdf|Mapping of Approaches for UrbanA project during Rotterdam Arena Event]]
This wiki captures this learning process and provides a shared workspace for the UrbanA [https://urban-arena.eu/people/community-of-practice/ Community of Practice]. The database began as a set of approaches and research methods linking urban sustainability and justice. The latest addition is a set of drivers of injustice that can arise as (usually unitended) side-effects of urban sustainability efforts. Use of this wiki will connect closely with our [https://www.zotero.org/groups/2324475/urbana_library shared virtual library]. Visit the list of approaches, drivers, governance arrangements, projects and people by following these links:

*'''[[Database of approaches]]'''

*'''[[Database of drivers of injustice]]'''

*'''[[Database of governance interventions]]'''

*'''[[Database of projects & initiatives]]'''

*'''[[Database of people]]'''

The covid-19 crisis has exposed severe inequities in European urban areas while showing the fragility of an unsustainable growth-oriented economic system. The [[UrbanA Community of Practice]] has collected resources that intersect the covid-19 crisis with issues of justice, sustainability and urbanization.

*'''[[Cities, justice, sustainability and covid-19]]'''

== The UrbanA Community of Practice ==
[[File:4.PNG|thumb|right|275px|link=https://urban-arena.eu/people/|UrbanA Community of Practice]]
A central element of UrbanA is the '''[[UrbanA_Community_of_Practice|Community of Practice]]''' (CoP). The CoP is an open network of individuals committed to taking constructive action on urban social inequality and ecological unsustainability in the ambition to create more just and sustainable cities.

Since April 2020 the CoP has held (near) bi-weekly, online [[Community Conversations]] (CoCos). An [[UrbanA Community of Practice case study]] was written in September 2020.

Read more about the CoP and how to get involved [[UrbanA_Community_of_Practice|here]].

== The next Arena ==
The last [https://urban-arena.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/UrbanA_2nd-Arena_preliminary-agenda_V2.pdf UrbanA Arena event] addressed justice challenges in urban sustainability and took place on 4-5th June,2020. It included an open webinar, on the afternoon of June 5th, which had been recorded [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dx2B3R9jTc Youtube].

The next arena will take place on March 18/19, 2021 in Berlin. We will discuss experiences with governance arrangements that are favourable to justice and sustainability in cities and how trans-local learning about such arrangements can be fostered. [https://urban-arena.eu/arenas/ Find more information here]

==Disclaimer==
This site holds an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database, which attempts to collect relevant approaches that can be used by city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities.

Until now, the pages are based mainly on knowledge generated in [https://cordis.europa.eu/ EU-funded projects], distilled and summarised by consortium members.

The database touches on fast-changing fields. As such, this page makes no claims of authoritative completeness and welcomes your suggestions and input.

==Copyright==
Reuse of content for non-commercial purposes is permitted, with attribution, under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Creative Commons Licence BY-NC 4.0]. Further information is available on our [[Project: copyrights|copyrights]] page.

Main Page

2020-10-02T14:41:25Z

Tom.henfrey: /* The UrbanA Community of Practice */ layout

Welcome to the Wiki on Sustainable Just Cities!

This Wiki is an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database and knowledge source for the Community of Practice of the [https://urban-arena.eu/ UrbanA] project. It captures the learning process of the UrbanA [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=UrbanA_Community_of_Practice Community of Practice] and is an important part of UrbanA's knowledge commons. It includes a database of '''[[Database of approaches|approaches]]''' and '''[[Database of projects & initiatives|projects & initiatives]]''' to just and sustainable cities.

[[File:UrbanA_Logo.png|right|600px|link=https://urban-arena.eu/|UrbanA Website]]

==A call for co-creation==
{|
{{#ev:youtube|KwMmc76P4Qg|450|left}}
|
|This Wiki on Sustainable Just Cities is part of a knowledge commons that serves as a resource for everyone that wants to contribute to more sustainable and just cities. It is not only for everyone to use the knowledge that is on there, but also for everyone to share their own knowledge and experience. The idea of a knowledge commons is that it is owned and governed by all of those who use it.

'''You are warmly invited to edit and adapt any of the current pages, by e.g. adding examples, correcting or complementing information. And/or to add your own approaches, projects, initiatives and user profiles. Becoming a Wiki-user is every easy and quick.'''

For information on how, check out the '''[[Project:User guide|User guide]]'''. This guide includes links to tips on formatting and editing wiki pages.

In the video to the left, UrbanA researcher Flor Avelino explains the importance of the wiki to UrbanA's knowledge co-creation processes.
|}

==About UrbanA==

{{#ev:youtube|h2mXmYnhpqg|450|right||frame}}

Cities play a key role in responding to the great challenges of our time. However increasing poverty and inequality, exacerbated by the recent financial and housing crises, are putting the social cohesion and resilience of European cities to the test.

Much research has focused on teasing out the causes of urban social inequality and ecological unsustainability, and on understanding the connections, tensions and contradictions between the two. Research and innovation have also contributed to the development of ways to make cities more just and sustainable. Yet the need to consolidate and effectively communicate this knowledge and experience remains.

UrbanA, Urban Arenas for Sustainable and Just Cities, takes up this challenge. Further information on UrbanA, a major EU-funded project on urban sustainability and justice, can be found on the project's [http://www.urban-arena.eu public website].

==Why this Wiki==
In order to transform our cities into more sustainable and just environments, we need actionable knowledge that is relevant and accessible to as many people as possible. Currently, too much knowledge remains fragmented and inaccessible. Through the UrbanA project, we aim to synthesize and broker existing knowledge as well as further develop and translate knowledge into action. One important way in which we do this is through the UrbanA Wiki Database on Sustainable Just Cities.

A Wiki is a decentralized approach to knowledge co-creation and information sharing. The ‘wisdom of the crowd’ is in the lead (instead of top-down development by a central manager). It supports inclusive, co-creative, open access and open source approaches to knowledge generation.

==Databases==
[[File:Mapping of Approaches.jpg|thumb|left|360px|link=https://urban-arena.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Zine-final-version_Optimised.pdf|Mapping of Approaches for UrbanA project during Rotterdam Arena Event]]
This wiki captures this learning process and provides a shared workspace for the UrbanA [https://urban-arena.eu/people/community-of-practice/ Community of Practice]. The database began as a set of approaches and research methods linking urban sustainability and justice. The latest addition is a set of drivers of injustice that can arise as (usually unitended) side-effects of urban sustainability efforts. Use of this wiki will connect closely with our [https://www.zotero.org/groups/2324475/urbana_library shared virtual library]. Visit the list of approaches, drivers, governance arrangements, projects and people by following these links:

*'''[[Database of approaches]]'''

*'''[[Database of drivers of injustice]]'''

*'''[[Database of governance interventions]]'''

*'''[[Database of projects & initiatives]]'''

*'''[[Database of people]]'''

The covid-19 crisis has exposed severe inequities in European urban areas while showing the fragility of an unsustainable growth-oriented economic system. The [[UrbanA Community of Practice]] has collected resources that intersect the covid-19 crisis with issues of justice, sustainability and urbanization.

*'''[[Cities, justice, sustainability and covid-19]]'''

== The UrbanA Community of Practice ==
[[File:4.PNG|thumb|right|275px|link=https://urban-arena.eu/people/|UrbanA Community of Practice]]
A central element of UrbanA is the '''[[UrbanA_Community_of_Practice|Community of Practice]]''' (CoP). The CoP is an open network of individuals committed to taking constructive action on urban social inequality and ecological unsustainability in the ambition to create more just and sustainable cities.

Since April 2020 the CoP has held (near) bi-weekly, online [[Community Conversations]] (CoCos). An [[UrbanA Community of Practice case study]] was written in September 2020.

Read more about the CoP and how to get involved [[UrbanA_Community_of_Practice|here]].

== The next Arena ==
The last [https://urban-arena.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/UrbanA_2nd-Arena_preliminary-agenda_V2.pdf UrbanA Arena event] addressed justice challenges in urban sustainability and took place on 4-5th June,2020. It included an open webinar, on the afternoon of June 5th, which had been recorded [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dx2B3R9jTc Youtube].

The next arena will take place on March 18/19, 2021 in Berlin. We will discuss experiences with governance arrangements that are favourable to justice and sustainability in cities and how trans-local learning about such arrangements can be fostered. [https://urban-arena.eu/arenas/ Find more information here]

==Disclaimer==
This site holds an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database, which attempts to collect relevant approaches that can be used by city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. Up till now, the pages are based mainly on knowledge generated in [https://cordis.europa.eu/ EU-funded projects], distilled and summarised by consortium members. The database touches on fast-changing fields. As such, this page makes no claims of authoritative completeness and welcomes your suggestions.

==Copyright==
Reuse of content for non-commercial purposes is permitted, with attribution, under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Creative Commons Licence BY-NC 4.0]. Further information is available on our [[Project: copyrights|copyrights]] page.

Main Page

2020-10-02T14:40:27Z

Tom.henfrey: /* A call for co-creation */ added video

Welcome to the Wiki on Sustainable Just Cities!

This Wiki is an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database and knowledge source for the Community of Practice of the [https://urban-arena.eu/ UrbanA] project. It captures the learning process of the UrbanA [https://wiki.urban-arena.eu/index.php?title=UrbanA_Community_of_Practice Community of Practice] and is an important part of UrbanA's knowledge commons. It includes a database of '''[[Database of approaches|approaches]]''' and '''[[Database of projects & initiatives|projects & initiatives]]''' to just and sustainable cities.

[[File:UrbanA_Logo.png|right|600px|link=https://urban-arena.eu/|UrbanA Website]]

==A call for co-creation==
{|
{{#ev:youtube|KwMmc76P4Qg|450|left}}
|
|This Wiki on Sustainable Just Cities is part of a knowledge commons that serves as a resource for everyone that wants to contribute to more sustainable and just cities. It is not only for everyone to use the knowledge that is on there, but also for everyone to share their own knowledge and experience. The idea of a knowledge commons is that it is owned and governed by all of those who use it.

'''You are warmly invited to edit and adapt any of the current pages, by e.g. adding examples, correcting or complementing information. And/or to add your own approaches, projects, initiatives and user profiles. Becoming a Wiki-user is every easy and quick.'''

For information on how, check out the '''[[Project:User guide|User guide]]'''. This guide includes links to tips on formatting and editing wiki pages.

In the video to the left, UrbanA researcher Flor Avelino explains the importance of the wiki to UrbanA's knowledge co-creation processes.
|}

==About UrbanA==

{{#ev:youtube|h2mXmYnhpqg|450|right||frame}}

Cities play a key role in responding to the great challenges of our time. However increasing poverty and inequality, exacerbated by the recent financial and housing crises, are putting the social cohesion and resilience of European cities to the test.

Much research has focused on teasing out the causes of urban social inequality and ecological unsustainability, and on understanding the connections, tensions and contradictions between the two. Research and innovation have also contributed to the development of ways to make cities more just and sustainable. Yet the need to consolidate and effectively communicate this knowledge and experience remains.

UrbanA, Urban Arenas for Sustainable and Just Cities, takes up this challenge. Further information on UrbanA, a major EU-funded project on urban sustainability and justice, can be found on the project's [http://www.urban-arena.eu public website].

==Why this Wiki==
In order to transform our cities into more sustainable and just environments, we need actionable knowledge that is relevant and accessible to as many people as possible. Currently, too much knowledge remains fragmented and inaccessible. Through the UrbanA project, we aim to synthesize and broker existing knowledge as well as further develop and translate knowledge into action. One important way in which we do this is through the UrbanA Wiki Database on Sustainable Just Cities.

A Wiki is a decentralized approach to knowledge co-creation and information sharing. The ‘wisdom of the crowd’ is in the lead (instead of top-down development by a central manager). It supports inclusive, co-creative, open access and open source approaches to knowledge generation.

==Databases==
[[File:Mapping of Approaches.jpg|thumb|left|360px|link=https://urban-arena.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Zine-final-version_Optimised.pdf|Mapping of Approaches for UrbanA project during Rotterdam Arena Event]]
This wiki captures this learning process and provides a shared workspace for the UrbanA [https://urban-arena.eu/people/community-of-practice/ Community of Practice]. The database began as a set of approaches and research methods linking urban sustainability and justice. The latest addition is a set of drivers of injustice that can arise as (usually unitended) side-effects of urban sustainability efforts. Use of this wiki will connect closely with our [https://www.zotero.org/groups/2324475/urbana_library shared virtual library]. Visit the list of approaches, drivers, governance arrangements, projects and people by following these links:

*'''[[Database of approaches]]'''

*'''[[Database of drivers of injustice]]'''

*'''[[Database of governance interventions]]'''

*'''[[Database of projects & initiatives]]'''

*'''[[Database of people]]'''

The covid-19 crisis has exposed severe inequities in European urban areas while showing the fragility of an unsustainable growth-oriented economic system. The [[UrbanA Community of Practice]] has collected resources that intersect the covid-19 crisis with issues of justice, sustainability and urbanization.

*'''[[Cities, justice, sustainability and covid-19]]'''

== The UrbanA Community of Practice ==
[[File:4.PNG|thumb|right|275px|link=https://urban-arena.eu/people/|UrbanA Community of Practice]]
A central element of UrbanA is the '''[[UrbanA_Community_of_Practice|Community of Practice]]''' (CoP). The CoP is an open network of individuals committed to taking constructive action on urban social inequality and ecological unsustainability in the ambition to create more just and sustainable cities. Since April 2020 the CoP has held (near) bi-weekly, online [[Community Conversations]] (CoCos). An [[UrbanA Community of Practice case study]] was written in September 2020. Read more about the CoP and how to get involved [[UrbanA_Community_of_Practice|here]].

== The next Arena ==
The last [https://urban-arena.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/UrbanA_2nd-Arena_preliminary-agenda_V2.pdf UrbanA Arena event] addressed justice challenges in urban sustainability and took place on 4-5th June,2020. It included an open webinar, on the afternoon of June 5th, which had been recorded [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dx2B3R9jTc Youtube].

The next arena will take place on March 18/19, 2021 in Berlin. We will discuss experiences with governance arrangements that are favourable to justice and sustainability in cities and how trans-local learning about such arrangements can be fostered. [https://urban-arena.eu/arenas/ Find more information here]

==Disclaimer==
This site holds an ongoing, open-ended online collaborative database, which attempts to collect relevant approaches that can be used by city-makers to tackle unsustainability and injustice in cities. Up till now, the pages are based mainly on knowledge generated in [https://cordis.europa.eu/ EU-funded projects], distilled and summarised by consortium members. The database touches on fast-changing fields. As such, this page makes no claims of authoritative completeness and welcomes your suggestions.

==Copyright==
Reuse of content for non-commercial purposes is permitted, with attribution, under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Creative Commons Licence BY-NC 4.0]. Further information is available on our [[Project: copyrights|copyrights]] page.

Civil disobedience

2020-09-15T19:05:12Z

Tom.henfrey: added image

File:UrbanA apporaches postcards Beyond GDP.jpeg

2020-09-15T18:48:40Z

Tom.henfrey: Tom.henfrey moved page File:UrbanA apporaches postcards Beyond GDP.jpeg to File:Beyond GDP.jpeg

#REDIRECT [[File:Beyond GDP.jpeg]]

File:Beyond GDP.jpeg

2020-09-15T18:48:40Z

Tom.henfrey: Tom.henfrey moved page File:UrbanA apporaches postcards Beyond GDP.jpeg to File:Beyond GDP.jpeg

File:UrbanA approaches postcard Transition Towns.jpeg

2020-09-15T18:48:29Z

Tom.henfrey: Tom.henfrey moved page File:UrbanA approaches postcard Transition Towns.jpeg to File:Transition Towns.jpeg

#REDIRECT [[File:Transition Towns.jpeg]]

File:Transition Towns.jpeg

2020-09-15T18:48:29Z

Tom.henfrey: Tom.henfrey moved page File:UrbanA approaches postcard Transition Towns.jpeg to File:Transition Towns.jpeg

File:UrbanA apporaches postcards Communities Gardens and Food.jpeg

2020-09-15T18:48:17Z

Tom.henfrey: Tom.henfrey moved page File:UrbanA apporaches postcards Communities Gardens and Food.jpeg to File:Communities gardens and food.jpeg

#REDIRECT [[File:Communities gardens and food.jpeg]]

File:Communities gardens and food.jpeg

2020-09-15T18:48:17Z

Tom.henfrey: Tom.henfrey moved page File:UrbanA apporaches postcards Communities Gardens and Food.jpeg to File:Communities gardens and food.jpeg

File:UrbanA apporaches postcards Sharing and Cooperative for Urban CommonsGDP.jpeg

2020-09-15T18:47:58Z

Tom.henfrey: Tom.henfrey moved page File:UrbanA apporaches postcards Sharing and Cooperative for Urban CommonsGDP.jpeg to File:Urban Commons.jpeg

#REDIRECT [[File:Urban Commons.jpeg]]